假设您想要在某个地方保存一堆文件，例如在blob中。假设您希望通过网页分发这些文件，并让客户端自动打开正确的应用程序/查看器。
假设:浏览器通过HTTP响应中的mime-type (content-type?)报头确定要使用哪个应用程序/查看器。
基于这个假设，除了文件的字节外，还需要保存MIME类型。
如何找到文件的MIME类型?我现在用的是Mac，但这应该也适用于Windows。
浏览器是否在将文件发布到网页时添加此信息?
是否有一个简洁的python库来查找这些信息?WebService还是(更好的)一个可下载的数据库?
当前回答
Python 3参考:https://docs.python.org/3.2/library/mimetypes.html
mimetypes.guess_type(url, strict=True) Guess the type of a file based on its filename or URL, given by url. The return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the type can’t be guessed (missing or unknown suffix) or a string of the form 'type/subtype', usable for a MIME content-type header. encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The encoding is suitable for use as a Content-Encoding header, not as a Content-Transfer-Encoding header. The mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitively, then case insensitively. The optional strict argument is a flag specifying whether the list of known MIME types is limited to only the official types registered with IANA. When strict is True (the default), only the IANA types are supported; when strict is False, some additional non-standard but commonly used MIME types are also recognized.
import mimetypes
print(mimetypes.guess_type("sample.html"))
其他回答
在python 2.6中:
import shlex
import subprocess
mime = subprocess.Popen("/usr/bin/file --mime " + shlex.quote(PATH), shell=True, \
stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
比使用mimetypes库更可靠的方法是使用python-magic包。
import magic
m = magic.open(magic.MAGIC_MIME)
m.load()
m.file("/tmp/document.pdf")
这相当于使用file(1)。
在Django中，还可以确保MIME类型与UploadedFile.content_type匹配。
这似乎很简单
>>> from mimetypes import MimeTypes
>>> import urllib
>>> mime = MimeTypes()
>>> url = urllib.pathname2url('Upload.xml')
>>> mime_type = mime.guess_type(url)
>>> print mime_type
('application/xml', None)
请参阅旧帖
更新-在python 3+版本中，现在更方便了:
import mimetypes
print(mimetypes.guess_type("sample.html"))
在Python 3中。X和webapp的url文件不能有扩展名或假扩展名。您应该安装python-magic，使用
pip3 install python-magic
对于Mac OS X，你也应该使用libmagic
brew install libmagic
代码片段
import urllib
import magic
from urllib.request import urlopen
url = "http://...url to the file ..."
request = urllib.request.Request(url)
response = urlopen(request)
mime_type = magic.from_buffer(response.readline())
print(mime_type)
或者，您可以在read中输入一个大小
import urllib
import magic
from urllib.request import urlopen
url = "http://...url to the file ..."
request = urllib.request.Request(url)
response = urlopen(request)
mime_type = magic.from_buffer(response.read(128))
print(mime_type)
对于可以使用的数组类型数据 magic.from_buffer (_byte_array mime = True)
