假设您想要在某个地方保存一堆文件，例如在blob中。假设您希望通过网页分发这些文件，并让客户端自动打开正确的应用程序/查看器。
假设:浏览器通过HTTP响应中的mime-type (content-type?)报头确定要使用哪个应用程序/查看器。
基于这个假设，除了文件的字节外，还需要保存MIME类型。
如何找到文件的MIME类型?我现在用的是Mac，但这应该也适用于Windows。
浏览器是否在将文件发布到网页时添加此信息?
是否有一个简洁的python库来查找这些信息?WebService还是(更好的)一个可下载的数据库?
当前回答
我首先尝试mimetypes库。如果它不起作用，我就使用python-magic库。
import mimetypes
def guess_type(filename, buffer=None):
mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
if mimetype is None:
try:
import magic
if buffer:
mimetype = magic.from_buffer(buffer, mime=True)
else:
mimetype = magic.from_file(filename, mime=True)
except ImportError:
pass
return mimetype
其他回答
toivotuo提出的蟒蛇魔法方法已经过时了。Python-magic当前的主干在Github，基于那里的自述me，找到mime类型，是这样做的。
# For MIME types
import magic
mime = magic.Magic(mime=True)
mime.from_file("testdata/test.pdf") # 'application/pdf'
Python 3参考:https://docs.python.org/3.2/library/mimetypes.html
mimetypes.guess_type(url, strict=True) Guess the type of a file based on its filename or URL, given by url. The return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the type can’t be guessed (missing or unknown suffix) or a string of the form 'type/subtype', usable for a MIME content-type header. encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The encoding is suitable for use as a Content-Encoding header, not as a Content-Transfer-Encoding header. The mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitively, then case insensitively. The optional strict argument is a flag specifying whether the list of known MIME types is limited to only the official types registered with IANA. When strict is True (the default), only the IANA types are supported; when strict is False, some additional non-standard but commonly used MIME types are also recognized.
import mimetypes
print(mimetypes.guess_type("sample.html"))
在python 2.6中:
import shlex
import subprocess
mime = subprocess.Popen("/usr/bin/file --mime " + shlex.quote(PATH), shell=True, \
stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
2017年更新
不需要去github，它在PyPi上以不同的名字:
pip3 install --user python-magic
# or:
sudo apt install python3-magic # Ubuntu distro package
代码也可以简化:
>>> import magic
>>> magic.from_file('/tmp/img_3304.jpg', mime=True)
'image/jpeg'
我首先尝试mimetypes库。如果它不起作用，我就使用python-magic库。
import mimetypes
def guess_type(filename, buffer=None):
mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
if mimetype is None:
try:
import magic
if buffer:
mimetype = magic.from_buffer(buffer, mime=True)
else:
mimetype = magic.from_file(filename, mime=True)
except ImportError:
pass
return mimetype
