如果你真的想要删除。gitignore文件的历史，首先将.gitignore保存在repo之外，例如/tmp/。Gitignore，然后跑

git filter-branch --force --index-filter \
    "git ls-files -i -X /tmp/.gitignore | xargs -r git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch -rf" \
    --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all

注:

git filter-branch --index-filter runs in the .git directory I think, i.e. if you want to use a relative path you have to prepend one more ../ first. And apparently you cannot use ../.gitignore, the actual .gitignore file, that yields a "fatal: cannot use ../.gitignore as an exclude file" for some reason (maybe during a git filter-branch --index-filter the working directory is (considered) empty?) I was hoping to use something like git ls-files -iX <(git show $(git hash-object -w .gitignore)) instead to avoid copying .gitignore somewhere else, but that alone already returns an empty string (whereas cat <(git show $(git hash-object -w .gitignore)) indeed prints .gitignore's contents as expected), so I cannot use <(git show $GITIGNORE_HASH) in git filter-branch... If you actually only want to .gitignore-clean a specific branch, replace --all in the last line with its name. The --tag-name-filter cat might not work properly then, i.e. you'll probably not be able to directly transfer a single branch's tags properly

不管操作系统是什么，一个更简单的方法是

git rm -r --cached .
git add .
git commit -m "Drop files from .gitignore"

你基本上删除并重新添加所有文件，但是git add会忽略.gitignore中的文件。

使用——cached选项将文件保存在文件系统中，这样就不会从磁盘中删除文件。

注意: 有些人在评论中指出，你将失去所有文件的历史记录。我在MacOS上用git 2.27.0进行了测试，结果不是这样。如果你想检查发生了什么，在你提交之前检查你的git diff HEAD~1。

Git rm——cached -r。 以递归方式删除所有缓存

Git添加。 添加所有未包含在.gitignore中的文件

你将不得不提交一些在文件系统上没有真正删除的已删除文件

使用一个命令就可以了 Git rm——cached -r。&& git添加。

这个解决方案增加了回车符(我是一个WSL用户，所以这很重要)和圆括号转义(有时对LaTeX用户很重要，例如*.synctex(busy))。

受到Scott解决方案的启发:

cat .gitignore | sed "s/\r//" | sed -r "/^(#.*|\s*)$/d" | sed -r "s/([()])/\\\\\1/g" | sed "s/^/git rm -r /" | bash

Remove: carriage returns (s/\r//). Remove lines containing: comments (/^#.*$/), empty line groups (/^\s*$/, matches whitespace or empty line). Notice the pipe | character, this is standard regex, and requires -r (although I believe -E also works). Replace: parenthesis /([()])/ with its escaped version \\\1, \1 matches the group, in this case it means [()], or ( or ), whatever was matched. Notice the g flag, this is to match (and replace) all parenthesis. Could be rewritten as "s/(\(|\))/\\\\\1/g" if you're into that. Prepend git rm -r

替换看起来像s/$old/$new/$flags。删除看起来像/$old/d。Prepending替换/^/。你可以通过替换/$/来追加。当然，有些字符是转义的，因为据我所知，你不能在bash中创建原始字符串。最后，这一行可以压缩，但为了可读性，我选择将其展开。

我看到有人质疑(在Scott的解决方案中)sed是直截了当的。我喜欢把这个方法看作是最基本最简单的方法，这很好，因为如果你需要它的变化，你可以当场做出来。如果有的话，这是一个练习正则表达式的好借口。

如果你真的想要删除。gitignore文件的历史，首先将.gitignore保存在repo之外，例如/tmp/。Gitignore，然后跑

git filter-branch --force --index-filter \
    "git ls-files -i -X /tmp/.gitignore | xargs -r git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch -rf" \
    --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all

注:

git filter-branch --index-filter runs in the .git directory I think, i.e. if you want to use a relative path you have to prepend one more ../ first. And apparently you cannot use ../.gitignore, the actual .gitignore file, that yields a "fatal: cannot use ../.gitignore as an exclude file" for some reason (maybe during a git filter-branch --index-filter the working directory is (considered) empty?) I was hoping to use something like git ls-files -iX <(git show $(git hash-object -w .gitignore)) instead to avoid copying .gitignore somewhere else, but that alone already returns an empty string (whereas cat <(git show $(git hash-object -w .gitignore)) indeed prints .gitignore's contents as expected), so I cannot use <(git show $GITIGNORE_HASH) in git filter-branch... If you actually only want to .gitignore-clean a specific branch, replace --all in the last line with its name. The --tag-name-filter cat might not work properly then, i.e. you'll probably not be able to directly transfer a single branch's tags properly

由于.gitignore中的文件没有被跟踪，您可以使用git clean命令递归地删除不受版本控制的文件。

使用git clean -xdn执行一个演练，看看将删除什么。 然后使用git clean -xdf来执行它。

基本上，git clean -h或man git-clean(在unix中)将为您提供帮助。

注意，该命令还将删除暂存区域中不存在的新文件。