public static byte[] readBytes(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
    byte[] buffer = new byte[32 * 1024];
    int bufferSize = 0;
    for (;;) {
        int read = inputStream.read(buffer, bufferSize, buffer.length - bufferSize);
        if (read == -1) {
            return Arrays.copyOf(buffer, bufferSize);
        }
        bufferSize += read;
        if (bufferSize == buffer.length) {
            buffer = Arrays.copyOf(buffer, bufferSize * 2);
        }
    }
}

从JDK 7开始，您可以使用Files.readAllBytes(Path)。

例子:

import java.io.File;
import java.nio.file.Files;

File file;
// ...(file is initialised)...
byte[] fileContent = Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath());

正如有人所说，Apache Commons File Utils可能有您正在寻找的东西

public static byte[] readFileToByteArray(File file) throws IOException

示例使用(Program.java):

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
public class Program {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(args[0]);  // assume args[0] is the path to file
        byte[] data = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
        ...
    }
}

简单的方法:

File fff = new File("/path/to/file");
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fff);

// int byteLength = fff.length(); 

// In android the result of file.length() is long
long byteLength = fff.length(); // byte count of the file-content

byte[] filecontent = new byte[(int) byteLength];
fileInputStream.read(filecontent, 0, (int) byteLength);

如果您想将字节读入预分配的字节缓冲区，这个答案可能会有所帮助。

您的第一个猜测可能是使用InputStream read(byte[])。然而，这种方法有一个缺陷，使得它难以使用:即使没有遇到EOF，也不能保证数组实际上会被完全填充。

相反，看一下DataInputStream readFully(byte[])。这是一个输入流的包装器，没有上面提到的问题。此外，该方法在遇到EOF时抛出。好得多。

让我添加另一个不使用第三方库的解决方案。它重用了Scott提出的异常处理模式(链接)。我把丑陋的部分移动到一个单独的消息(我会隐藏在一些FileUtils类;))

public void someMethod() {
    final byte[] buffer = read(new File("test.txt"));
}

private byte[] read(final File file) {
    if (file.isDirectory())
        throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported operation, file "
                + file.getAbsolutePath() + " is a directory");
    if (file.length() > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
        throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported operation, file "
                + file.getAbsolutePath() + " is too big");

    Throwable pending = null;
    FileInputStream in = null;
    final byte buffer[] = new byte[(int) file.length()];
    try {
        in = new FileInputStream(file);
        in.read(buffer);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        pending = new RuntimeException("Exception occured on reading file "
                + file.getAbsolutePath(), e);
    } finally {
        if (in != null) {
            try {
                in.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (pending == null) {
                    pending = new RuntimeException(
                        "Exception occured on closing file" 
                             + file.getAbsolutePath(), e);
                }
            }
        }
        if (pending != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(pending);
        }
    }
    return buffer;
}