每个注释之间的区别是:

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦                                       Feature                            ¦   Junit 4    ¦   Junit 5   ¦
¦--------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+-------------¦
¦ Execute before all test methods of the class are executed.               ¦ @BeforeClass ¦ @BeforeAll  ¦
¦ Used with static method.                                                 ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, This method could contain some initialization code          ¦              ¦             ¦
¦-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Execute after all test methods in the current class.                     ¦ @AfterClass  ¦ @AfterAll   ¦
¦ Used with static method.                                                 ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, This method could contain some cleanup code.                ¦              ¦             ¦
¦-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Execute before each test method.                                         ¦ @Before      ¦ @BeforeEach ¦
¦ Used with non-static method.                                             ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, to reinitialize some class attributes used by the methods.  ¦              ¦             ¦
¦-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Execute after each test method.                                          ¦ @After       ¦ @AfterEach  ¦
¦ Used with non-static method.                                             ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, to roll back database modifications.                        ¦              ¦             ¦
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

两个版本中的大多数注释是相同的，但很少不同。

参考

执行顺序。

虚线框->可选注释。

JUnit中的Before和BeforeClass

函数@Before注释将在具有@Test注释的类中的每个测试函数之前执行，但是具有@BeforeClass注释的函数将只在类中的所有测试函数之前执行一次。

类似地，带有@After注释的函数将在具有@Test注释的类中的每个测试函数之后执行，但带有@AfterClass的函数将只在类中的所有测试函数之后执行一次。

SampleClass

public class SampleClass {
    public String initializeData(){
        return "Initialize";
    }

    public String processDate(){
        return "Process";
    }
 }

SampleTest

public class SampleTest {

    private SampleClass sampleClass;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClassFunction(){
        System.out.println("Before Class");
    }

    @Before
    public void beforeFunction(){
        sampleClass=new SampleClass();
        System.out.println("Before Function");
    }

    @After
    public void afterFunction(){
        System.out.println("After Function");
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void afterClassFunction(){
        System.out.println("After Class");
    }

    @Test
    public void initializeTest(){
        Assert.assertEquals("Initailization check", "Initialize", sampleClass.initializeData() );
    }

    @Test
    public void processTest(){
        Assert.assertEquals("Process check", "Process", sampleClass.processDate() );
    }

}

输出

Before Class
Before Function
After Function
Before Function
After Function
After Class

在Junit 5中

@Before = @BeforeEach
@BeforeClass = @BeforeAll
@After = @AfterEach
@AfterClass = @AfterAll

每个注释之间的区别是:

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦                                       Feature                            ¦   Junit 4    ¦   Junit 5   ¦
¦--------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+-------------¦
¦ Execute before all test methods of the class are executed.               ¦ @BeforeClass ¦ @BeforeAll  ¦
¦ Used with static method.                                                 ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, This method could contain some initialization code          ¦              ¦             ¦
¦-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Execute after all test methods in the current class.                     ¦ @AfterClass  ¦ @AfterAll   ¦
¦ Used with static method.                                                 ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, This method could contain some cleanup code.                ¦              ¦             ¦
¦-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Execute before each test method.                                         ¦ @Before      ¦ @BeforeEach ¦
¦ Used with non-static method.                                             ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, to reinitialize some class attributes used by the methods.  ¦              ¦             ¦
¦-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Execute after each test method.                                          ¦ @After       ¦ @AfterEach  ¦
¦ Used with non-static method.                                             ¦              ¦             ¦
¦ For example, to roll back database modifications.                        ¦              ¦             ¦
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

两个版本中的大多数注释是相同的，但很少不同。

参考

执行顺序。

虚线框->可选注释。

@BeforeClass将在整个测试套件之前运行，而@Before将在每个测试之前运行，而@BeforeClass将在整个测试fixture之前运行一次。如果测试类有10个测试，@Before代码将执行10次，但@BeforeClass将只执行一次。

import org.junit.Assert
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.BeforeClass
import org.junit.Test

class FeatureTest {
    companion object {
        private lateinit var heavyFeature: HeavyFeature
        @BeforeClass
        @JvmStatic
        fun beforeHeavy() {
            heavyFeature = HeavyFeature()
        }
    }

    private lateinit var feature: Feature

    @Before
    fun before() {
        feature = Feature()
    }

    @Test
    fun testCool() {
        Assert.assertTrue(heavyFeature.cool())
        Assert.assertTrue(feature.cool())
    }

    @Test
    fun testWow() {
        Assert.assertTrue(heavyFeature.wow())
        Assert.assertTrue(feature.wow())
    }
}

一样

import org.junit.Assert
import org.junit.Test

 class FeatureTest {
    companion object {
        private val heavyFeature = HeavyFeature()
    }

    private val feature = Feature()

    @Test
    fun testCool() {
        Assert.assertTrue(heavyFeature.cool())
        Assert.assertTrue(feature.cool())
    }

    @Test
    fun testWow() {
        Assert.assertTrue(heavyFeature.wow())
        Assert.assertTrue(feature.wow())
    }
}

标记为@Before的代码在每次测试之前执行，而@BeforeClass在整个测试装置之前运行一次。如果测试类有10个测试，@Before代码将执行10次，但@BeforeClass将只执行一次。

一般来说，当多个测试需要共享相同的计算成本高昂的设置代码时，您可以使用@BeforeClass。建立数据库连接就属于这一类。您可以将代码从@BeforeClass移到@Before，但测试运行可能会花费更长的时间。注意，标记为@BeforeClass的代码是作为静态初始化器运行的，因此它将在创建测试fixture的类实例之前运行。

在JUnit 5中，标签@BeforeEach和@BeforeAll相当于JUnit 4中的@Before和@BeforeClass。它们的名称更能说明它们的运行时间，可以粗略地解释为:“在每次测试之前”和“在所有测试之前一次”。