我正在Chrome中开发一个扩展,我想知道:当一个元素出现时,最好的方法是什么?使用纯javascript,间隔检查,直到一个元素存在,或jQuery有一些简单的方法来做到这一点?
当前回答
对于一个使用jQuery的简单方法,我发现这工作得很好:
// Wait for element to exist.
function elementLoaded(el, cb) {
if ($(el).length) {
// Element is now loaded.
cb($(el));
} else {
// Repeat every 500ms.
setTimeout(function() {
elementLoaded(el, cb)
}, 500);
}
};
elementLoaded('.element-selector', function(el) {
// Element is ready to use.
el.click(function() {
alert("You just clicked a dynamically inserted element");
});
});
在这里,我们只需每500毫秒检查一次元素是否加载,当加载成功时,我们就可以使用它。
这对于向已动态添加到文档中的元素添加单击处理程序特别有用。
其他回答
由于性能问题,DOMNodeInserted和其他DOM突变事件已被弃用——推荐的方法是使用MutationObserver监视DOM。不过,它只在较新的浏览器中受支持,所以当MutationObserver不可用时,您应该回到DOMNodeInserted上。
let observer = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
mutations.forEach((mutation) => {
if (!mutation.addedNodes) return
for (let i = 0; i < mutation.addedNodes.length; i++) {
// do things to your newly added nodes here
let node = mutation.addedNodes[i]
}
})
})
observer.observe(document.body, {
childList: true
, subtree: true
, attributes: false
, characterData: false
})
// stop watching using:
observer.disconnect()
下面是一个函数,充当MutationObserver的薄包装器。唯一的要求是浏览器支持MutationObserver;不依赖于JQuery。运行下面的代码片段以查看一个工作示例。
function waitForMutation(parentNode, isMatchFunc, handlerFunc, observeSubtree, disconnectAfterMatch) { var defaultIfUndefined = function(val, defaultVal) { return (typeof val === "undefined") ? defaultVal : val; }; observeSubtree = defaultIfUndefined(observeSubtree, false); disconnectAfterMatch = defaultIfUndefined(disconnectAfterMatch, false); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.addedNodes) { for (var i = 0; i < mutation.addedNodes.length; i++) { var node = mutation.addedNodes[i]; if (isMatchFunc(node)) { handlerFunc(node); if (disconnectAfterMatch) observer.disconnect(); }; } } }); }); observer.observe(parentNode, { childList: true, attributes: false, characterData: false, subtree: observeSubtree }); } // Example waitForMutation( // parentNode: Root node to observe. If the mutation you're looking for // might not occur directly below parentNode, pass 'true' to the // observeSubtree parameter. document.getElementById("outerContent"), // isMatchFunc: Function to identify a match. If it returns true, // handlerFunc will run. // MutationObserver only fires once per mutation, not once for every node // inside the mutation. If the element we're looking for is a child of // the newly-added element, we need to use something like // node.querySelector() to find it. function(node) { return node.querySelector(".foo") !== null; }, // handlerFunc: Handler. function(node) { var elem = document.createElement("div"); elem.appendChild(document.createTextNode("Added node (" + node.innerText + ")")); document.getElementById("log").appendChild(elem); }, // observeSubtree true, // disconnectAfterMatch: If this is true the hanlerFunc will only run on // the first time that isMatchFunc returns true. If it's false, the handler // will continue to fire on matches. false); // Set up UI. Using JQuery here for convenience. $outerContent = $("#outerContent"); $innerContent = $("#innerContent"); $("#addOuter").on("click", function() { var newNode = $("<div><span class='foo'>Outer</span></div>"); $outerContent.append(newNode); }); $("#addInner").on("click", function() { var newNode = $("<div><span class='foo'>Inner</span></div>"); $innerContent.append(newNode); }); .content { padding: 1em; border: solid 1px black; overflow-y: auto; } #innerContent { height: 100px; } #outerContent { height: 200px; } #log { font-family: Courier; font-size: 10pt; } <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <h2>Create some mutations</h2> <div id="main"> <button id="addOuter">Add outer node</button> <button id="addInner">Add inner node</button> <div class="content" id="outerContent"> <div class="content" id="innerContent"></div> </div> </div> <h2>Log</h2> <div id="log"></div>
下面的observe函数将允许您通过选择器监听元素。
在下面的例子中,2秒过后,.greeting将被插入到.container中。因为我们正在监听这个元素的插入,所以我们可以有一个在插入时触发的回调。
const observe = (selector, callback, targetNode = document.body) => new MutationObserver(mutations => [...mutations] .flatMap((mutation) => [...mutation.addedNodes]) .filter((node) => node.matches && node.matches(selector)) .forEach(callback)) .observe(targetNode, { childList: true, subtree: true }); const createGreeting = () => { const el = document.createElement('DIV'); el.textContent = 'Hello World'; el.classList.add('greeting'); return el; }; const container = document.querySelector('.container'); observe('.greeting', el => console.log('I have arrived!', el), container); new Promise(res => setTimeout(() => res(createGreeting()), 2000)) .then(el => container.appendChild(el)); html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { display: flex; } .container { display: flex; flex: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .greeting { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; } <div class="container"></div>
更新
下面是一个实验性的async/await示例。
const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res, ms)); const observe = (selector, targetNode = document.body) => new Promise(res => { new MutationObserver(mutations => res([...mutations] .flatMap((mutation) => [...mutation.addedNodes]) .find((node) => node.matches && node.matches(selector)))) .observe(targetNode, { childList: true, subtree: true }); }); const createGreeting = () => { const el = document.createElement('DIV'); el.textContent = 'Hello World'; el.classList.add('greeting'); return el; }; const container = document.querySelector('.container'); observe('.greeting', container) .then(el => console.log('I have arrived!', el)); (async () => { await sleep(2000); container.appendChild(createGreeting()); })(); html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { display: flex; } .container { display: flex; flex: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .greeting { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; } <div class="container"></div>
下面是一个使用MutationObserver api的简单解决方案。
没有jQuery 没有计时器 没有第三方库 基于Promise,并与async/await一起工作
我在几个项目中使用过它。
function waitForElm(selector) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
if (document.querySelector(selector)) {
return resolve(document.querySelector(selector));
}
const observer = new MutationObserver(mutations => {
if (document.querySelector(selector)) {
resolve(document.querySelector(selector));
observer.disconnect();
}
});
observer.observe(document.body, {
childList: true,
subtree: true
});
});
}
使用它:
waitForElm('.some-class').then((elm) => {
console.log('Element is ready');
console.log(elm.textContent);
});
或者使用async/await:
const elm = await waitForElm('.some-class');
你可以试试这个:
const wait_until_element_appear = setInterval(() => {
if ($(element).length !== 0) {
// some code
clearInterval(wait_until_element_appear);
}
}, 0);
这个办法对我很有效