如何纠正TypeError: unicode对象必须编码哈希之前?

我有这样的错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "python_md5_cracker.py", line 27, in <module>
  m.update(line)
TypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing

当我尝试在Python 3.2.2中执行这段代码时:

import hashlib, sys
m = hashlib.md5()
hash = ""
hash_file = input("What is the file name in which the hash resides?  ")
wordlist = input("What is your wordlist?  (Enter the file name)  ")
try:
  hashdocument = open(hash_file, "r")
except IOError:
  print("Invalid file.")
  raw_input()
  sys.exit()
else:
  hash = hashdocument.readline()
  hash = hash.replace("\n", "")

try:
  wordlistfile = open(wordlist, "r")
except IOError:
  print("Invalid file.")
  raw_input()
  sys.exit()
else:
  pass
for line in wordlistfile:
  # Flush the buffer (this caused a massive problem when placed 
  # at the beginning of the script, because the buffer kept getting
  # overwritten, thus comparing incorrect hashes)
  m = hashlib.md5()
  line = line.replace("\n", "")
  m.update(line)
  word_hash = m.hexdigest()
  if word_hash == hash:
    print("Collision! The word corresponding to the given hash is", line)
    input()
    sys.exit()

print("The hash given does not correspond to any supplied word in the wordlist.")
input()
sys.exit()

当前回答

你必须定义编码格式，比如utf-8，试试这个简单的方法，

使用SHA256算法生成一个随机数:

>>> import hashlib
>>> hashlib.sha256(str(random.getrandbits(256)).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
'cd183a211ed2434eac4f31b317c573c50e6c24e3a28b82ddcb0bf8bedf387a9f'

2014-03-19 12:03:59

其他回答

你必须定义编码格式，比如utf-8，试试这个简单的方法，

使用SHA256算法生成一个随机数:

>>> import hashlib
>>> hashlib.sha256(str(random.getrandbits(256)).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
'cd183a211ed2434eac4f31b317c573c50e6c24e3a28b82ddcb0bf8bedf387a9f'

2014-03-19 12:03:59

你可以用二进制模式打开文件:

import hashlib

with open(hash_file) as file:
    control_hash = file.readline().rstrip("\n")

wordlistfile = open(wordlist, "rb")
# ...
for line in wordlistfile:
    if hashlib.md5(line.rstrip(b'\n\r')).hexdigest() == control_hash:
       # collision

2014-03-25 19:36:49

存储密码(PY3):

import hashlib, os
password_salt = os.urandom(32).hex()
password = '12345'

hash = hashlib.sha512()
hash.update(('%s%s' % (password_salt, password)).encode('utf-8'))
password_hash = hash.hexdigest()

2017-09-11 09:09:18

import hashlib
string_to_hash = '123'
hash_object = hashlib.sha256(str(string_to_hash).encode('utf-8'))
print('Hash', hash_object.hexdigest())

2018-12-16 14:15:18

请先看一下答案。

现在，错误信息很清楚:您只能使用字节，而不能使用Python字符串(在Python < 3中使用unicode)，因此您必须使用您喜欢的编码编码字符串:utf-32, utf-16, utf-8，甚至是受限制的8位编码之一(有些人可能称之为编码页)。

当你从文件中读取时，wordlist文件中的字节会被Python 3自动解码为Unicode。我建议你:

m.update(line.encode(wordlistfile.encoding))

因此，推送到md5算法的编码数据的编码与底层文件完全相同。

2011-10-15 14:14:05

如何纠正TypeError: unicode对象必须编码哈希之前?

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