假设，你想统计用户在网页上点击按钮的次数。

为此，您将在按钮的onclick事件上触发一个函数来更新变量的计数

<button onclick="updateClickCount()">click me</button>

现在有很多方法，比如:

你可以使用一个全局变量和一个函数来增加计数器: Var计数器= 0; 函数updatecickcount () { + +计数器; //用counter做一些事情 ｝ 但是，问题在于页面上的任何脚本都可以更改计数器，而不需要调用updatecickcount()。

现在，你可能在考虑在函数内部声明变量: 函数updatecickcount () { Var计数器= 0; + +计数器; //用counter做一些事情 ｝ 但是,嘿!每次调用updateClickCount()函数时，计数器再次被设置为1。

Thinking about nested functions? Nested functions have access to the scope "above" them. In this example, the inner function updateClickCount() has access to the counter variable in the parent function countWrapper(): function countWrapper() { var counter = 0; function updateClickCount() { ++counter; // Do something with counter } updateClickCount(); return counter; } This could have solved the counter dilemma, if you could reach the updateClickCount() function from the outside and you also need to find a way to execute counter = 0 only once not everytime.

Closure to the rescue! (self-invoking function): var updateClickCount = (function(){ var counter = 0; return function(){ ++counter; // Do something with counter } })(); The self-invoking function only runs once. It sets the counter to zero (0), and returns a function expression. This way updateClickCount becomes a function. The "wonderful" part is that it can access the counter in the parent scope. This is called a JavaScript closure. It makes it possible for a function to have "private" variables. The counter is protected by the scope of the anonymous function, and can only be changed using the updateClickCount() function!

一个关于闭包的更生动的例子

< >脚本 var updatecickcount =(函数(){ Var计数器= 0; 返回函数(){ + +计数器; . getelementbyid(“spnCount”)。innerHTML =计数器; ｝ })（); > < /脚本 < html > <按钮onclick = " updateClickCount ()“>点击我> < /按钮 <div>你点击了 <span id="spnCount"> 0 </span> times! < / div > < / html >

参考:JavaScript闭包

闭包是一种创建生成器的有用方法，它是一个按需递增的序列:

var foobar = function（i）{var count = count || i; return function（）{return ++count;}} 巴兹 = 福巴（1）; console.log（“First Call： ” + baz（））;2 console.log（“第二次调用： ” + baz（））;3

区别总结如下:

Anonymous functions                                    Defined functions

Cannot be used as a method                             Can be used as a method of an object

Exists only in the scope in which it is defined        Exists within the object it is defined in

Can only be called in the scope in which it is defined Can be called at any point in the code

Can be reassigned a new value or deleted               Cannot be deleted or changed

参考文献

AS3基础知识:功能

假设，你想统计用户在网页上点击按钮的次数。

为此，您将在按钮的onclick事件上触发一个函数来更新变量的计数

<button onclick="updateClickCount()">click me</button>

现在有很多方法，比如:

你可以使用一个全局变量和一个函数来增加计数器: Var计数器= 0; 函数updatecickcount () { + +计数器; //用counter做一些事情 ｝ 但是，问题在于页面上的任何脚本都可以更改计数器，而不需要调用updatecickcount()。

现在，你可能在考虑在函数内部声明变量: 函数updatecickcount () { Var计数器= 0; + +计数器; //用counter做一些事情 ｝ 但是,嘿!每次调用updateClickCount()函数时，计数器再次被设置为1。

Thinking about nested functions? Nested functions have access to the scope "above" them. In this example, the inner function updateClickCount() has access to the counter variable in the parent function countWrapper(): function countWrapper() { var counter = 0; function updateClickCount() { ++counter; // Do something with counter } updateClickCount(); return counter; } This could have solved the counter dilemma, if you could reach the updateClickCount() function from the outside and you also need to find a way to execute counter = 0 only once not everytime.

Closure to the rescue! (self-invoking function): var updateClickCount = (function(){ var counter = 0; return function(){ ++counter; // Do something with counter } })(); The self-invoking function only runs once. It sets the counter to zero (0), and returns a function expression. This way updateClickCount becomes a function. The "wonderful" part is that it can access the counter in the parent scope. This is called a JavaScript closure. It makes it possible for a function to have "private" variables. The counter is protected by the scope of the anonymous function, and can only be changed using the updateClickCount() function!

一个关于闭包的更生动的例子

< >脚本 var updatecickcount =(函数(){ Var计数器= 0; 返回函数(){ + +计数器; . getelementbyid(“spnCount”)。innerHTML =计数器; ｝ })（); > < /脚本 < html > <按钮onclick = " updateClickCount ()“>点击我> < /按钮 <div>你点击了 <span id="spnCount"> 0 </span> times! < / div > < / html >

参考:JavaScript闭包

我们在前端JavaScript中编写的大部分代码都是基于事件的——我们定义了一些行为，然后将其附加到由用户触发的事件(例如单击或按键)。我们的代码通常是作为一个回调附加的:在响应事件时执行的单个函数。 Size12、size14和size16现在是将正文文本分别调整为12、14和16像素的函数。我们可以将它们附加到按钮(在本例中是链接)，如下所示:

function makeSizer(size) {
    return function() {
    document.body.style.fontSize = size + 'px';
    };
}

var size12 = makeSizer(12);
var size14 = makeSizer(14);
var size16 = makeSizer(16);

document.getElementById('size-12').onclick = size12;
document.getElementById('size-14').onclick = size14;
document.getElementById('size-16').onclick = size16;

小提琴

在给定的示例中，所包含的变量'counter'的值是受保护的，只能使用给定的函数(自增，自减)来更改。因为它在闭包中，

var MyCounter =函数(){ Var计数器= 0; 返回{ 增量:函数(){返回计数器+= 1;}， 递减:函数(){返回计数器= 1;}， 获取:函数(){返回计数器;} }; }; var x = MyCounter(); / /或 var y = MyCounter(); 警报(x.get ());/ / 0 警报(x.increment ());/ / 1 警报(x.increment ());/ / 2 警报(y.increment ());/ / 1 警报(x.get ());// x仍然是2

这里我有一个闭包概念的简单例子，我们可以在我们的电子商务网站或其他许多网站上使用它。

我正在添加示例的JSFiddle链接。它包含一个由三种商品组成的小产品清单和一个购物车柜台。

JSFiddle

// Counter closure implemented function; var CartCouter = function(){ var counter = 0; function changeCounter(val){ counter += val } return { increment: function(){ changeCounter(1); }, decrement: function(){ changeCounter(-1); }, value: function(){ return counter; } } } var cartCount = CartCouter(); function updateCart() { document.getElementById('cartcount').innerHTML = cartCount.value(); } var productlist = document.getElementsByClassName('item'); for(var i = 0; i< productlist.length; i++){ productlist[i].addEventListener('click', function(){ if(this.className.indexOf('selected') < 0){ this.className += " selected"; cartCount.increment(); updateCart(); } else{ this.className = this.className.replace("selected", ""); cartCount.decrement(); updateCart(); } }) } .productslist{ padding: 10px; } ul li{ display: inline-block; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid #DDD; text-align: center; width: 25%; cursor: pointer; } .selected{ background-color: #7CFEF0; color: #333; } .cartdiv{ position: relative; float: right; padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #F1F1F1; } <div> <h3> Practical use of a JavaScript closure concept/private variable. </h3> <div class="cartdiv"> <span id="cartcount">0</span> </div> <div class="productslist"> <ul> <li class="item">Product 1</li> <li class="item">Product 2</li> <li class="item">Product 3</li> </ul> </div> </div>