我正在尽最大努力理解JavaScript闭包。
通过返回一个内部函数,它可以访问直接父函数中定义的任何变量。
这对我有什么用?也许我还没完全搞清楚。我在网上看到的大多数示例都没有提供任何真实的代码,只是一些模糊的示例。
有人能告诉我一个闭包的真实用法吗?
比如这个吗?
var warnUser = function (msg) {
var calledCount = 0;
return function() {
calledCount++;
alert(msg + '\nYou have been warned ' + calledCount + ' times.');
};
};
var warnForTamper = warnUser('You can not tamper with our HTML.');
warnForTamper();
warnForTamper();
假设,你想统计用户在网页上点击按钮的次数。
为此,您将在按钮的onclick事件上触发一个函数来更新变量的计数
<button onclick="updateClickCount()">click me</button>
现在有很多方法,比如:
你可以使用一个全局变量和一个函数来增加计数器:
Var计数器= 0;
函数updatecickcount () {
+ +计数器;
//用counter做一些事情
}
但是,问题在于页面上的任何脚本都可以更改计数器,而不需要调用updatecickcount()。
现在,你可能在考虑在函数内部声明变量:
函数updatecickcount () {
Var计数器= 0;
+ +计数器;
//用counter做一些事情
}
但是,嘿!每次调用updateClickCount()函数时,计数器再次被设置为1。
Thinking about nested functions?
Nested functions have access to the scope "above" them.
In this example, the inner function updateClickCount() has access to the counter variable in the parent function countWrapper():
function countWrapper() {
var counter = 0;
function updateClickCount() {
++counter;
// Do something with counter
}
updateClickCount();
return counter;
}
This could have solved the counter dilemma, if you could reach the updateClickCount() function from the outside and you also need to find a way to execute counter = 0 only once not everytime.
Closure to the rescue! (self-invoking function):
var updateClickCount = (function(){
var counter = 0;
return function(){
++counter;
// Do something with counter
}
})();
The self-invoking function only runs once. It sets the counter to zero (0), and returns a function expression.
This way updateClickCount becomes a function. The "wonderful" part is that it can access the counter in the parent scope.
This is called a JavaScript closure. It makes it possible for a function to have "private" variables.
The counter is protected by the scope of the anonymous function, and can only be changed using the updateClickCount() function!
一个关于闭包的更生动的例子
< >脚本
var updatecickcount =(函数(){
Var计数器= 0;
返回函数(){
+ +计数器;
. getelementbyid(“spnCount”)。innerHTML =计数器;
}
})();
> < /脚本
< html >
<按钮onclick = " updateClickCount ()“>点击我> < /按钮
<div>你点击了
<span id="spnCount"> 0 </span> times!
< / div >
< / html >
参考:JavaScript闭包
在这里,我有一句想说好几遍的问候语。如果我创建一个闭包,我可以简单地调用该函数来记录问候语。如果我不创建闭包,我必须每次都传递我的名字。
没有闭包(https://jsfiddle.net/lukeschlangen/pw61qrow/3/):
function greeting(firstName, lastName) {
var message = "Hello " + firstName + " " + lastName + "!";
console.log(message);
}
greeting("Billy", "Bob");
greeting("Billy", "Bob");
greeting("Billy", "Bob");
greeting("Luke", "Schlangen");
greeting("Luke", "Schlangen");
greeting("Luke", "Schlangen");
使用闭包(https://jsfiddle.net/lukeschlangen/Lb5cfve9/3/):
function greeting(firstName, lastName) {
var message = "Hello " + firstName + " " + lastName + "!";
return function() {
console.log(message);
}
}
var greetingBilly = greeting("Billy", "Bob");
var greetingLuke = greeting("Luke", "Schlangen");
greetingBilly();
greetingBilly();
greetingBilly();
greetingLuke();
greetingLuke();
greetingLuke();
我正在尝试学习闭包,我认为我创建的示例是一个实际的用例。您可以运行一个代码片段并在控制台中查看结果。
我们有两个不同的用户,他们拥有不同的数据。它们中的每一个都可以看到实际的状态并进行更新。
function createUserWarningData(user) {
const data = {
name: user,
numberOfWarnings: 0,
};
function addWarning() {
data.numberOfWarnings = data.numberOfWarnings + 1;
}
function getUserData() {
console.log(data);
return data;
}
return {
getUserData: getUserData,
addWarning: addWarning,
};
}
const user1 = createUserWarningData("Thomas");
const user2 = createUserWarningData("Alex");
//USER 1
user1.getUserData(); // Returning data user object
user1.addWarning(); // Add one warning to specific user
user1.getUserData(); // Returning data user object
//USER2
user2.getUserData(); // Returning data user object
user2.addWarning(); // Add one warning to specific user
user2.addWarning(); // Add one warning to specific user
user2.getUserData(); // Returning data user object