我知道其他人会推荐Apache的http-客户端，但是它增加了复杂性(例如，更多可能出错的东西)，这是很少被保证的。对于简单的任务，可以使用java.net.URL。

URL url = new URL("http://www.y.com/url");
InputStream is = url.openStream();
try {
  /* Now read the retrieved document from the stream. */
  ...
} finally {
  is.close();
}

来自Oracle的java教程

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;

public class URLConnectionReader {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL yahoo = new URL("http://www.yahoo.com/");
        URLConnection yc = yahoo.openConnection();
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
                                new InputStreamReader(
                                yc.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;

        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) 
            System.out.println(inputLine);
        in.close();
    }
}

Apache HttpComponents。这两个模块的例子——HttpCore和HttpClient会让你马上开始。

并不是说HttpUrlConnection是一个糟糕的选择，HttpComponents将抽象出大量繁琐的编码。如果你真的想用最少的代码来支持大量的HTTP服务器/客户端，我推荐这样做。顺便说一下，HttpCore可以用于功能最少的应用程序(客户端或服务器)，而HttpClient用于需要支持多种身份验证方案、cookie支持等的客户端。

这对你有帮助。不要忘记将JAR HttpClient.jar添加到类路径中。

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

public class MainSendRequest {

     static String url =
         "http://localhost:8080/HttpRequestSample/RequestSend.jsp";

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Instantiate an HttpClient
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

        //Instantiate a GET HTTP method
        PostMethod method = new PostMethod(url);
        method.setRequestHeader("Content-type",
                "text/xml; charset=ISO-8859-1");

        //Define name-value pairs to set into the QueryString
        NameValuePair nvp1= new NameValuePair("firstName","fname");
        NameValuePair nvp2= new NameValuePair("lastName","lname");
        NameValuePair nvp3= new NameValuePair("email","email@email.com");

        method.setQueryString(new NameValuePair[]{nvp1,nvp2,nvp3});

        try{
            int statusCode = client.executeMethod(method);

            System.out.println("Status Code = "+statusCode);
            System.out.println("QueryString>>> "+method.getQueryString());
            System.out.println("Status Text>>>"
                  +HttpStatus.getStatusText(statusCode));

            //Get data as a String
            System.out.println(method.getResponseBodyAsString());

            //OR as a byte array
            byte [] res  = method.getResponseBody();

            //write to file
            FileOutputStream fos= new FileOutputStream("donepage.html");
            fos.write(res);

            //release connection
            method.releaseConnection();
        }
        catch(IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

如果您正在使用Java 11或更新版本(Android除外)，而不是遗留的HttpUrlConnection类，您可以使用Java 11新的HTTP客户端API。

一个示例GET请求:

var uri = URI.create("https://httpbin.org/get?age=26&isHappy=true");
var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
var request = HttpRequest
        .newBuilder()
        .uri(uri)
        .header("accept", "application/json")
        .GET()
        .build();
var response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response.statusCode());
System.out.println(response.body());

同一请求异步执行:

var responseAsync = client
        .sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString())
        .thenApply(HttpResponse::body)
        .thenAccept(System.out::println);
// responseAsync.join(); // Wait for completion

一个POST请求的例子:

var request = HttpRequest
        .newBuilder()
        .uri(uri)
        .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2)
        .timeout(Duration.ofMinutes(1))
        .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
        .header("Authorization", "Bearer fake")
        .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString("{ title: 'This is cool' }"))
        .build();
var response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());

要以多部分(multipart/form-data)或url编码(application/x-www-form-urlencoded)格式发送表单数据，请参阅此解决方案。

有关HTTP客户端API的示例和更多信息，请参阅本文。

对于Java标准库HTTP服务器，请参阅这篇文章。

你可以使用Socket来实现

String host = "www.yourhost.com";
Socket socket = new Socket(host, 80);
String request = "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n";
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write(request.getBytes());
os.flush();

InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
int ch;
while( (ch=is.read())!= -1)
    System.out.print((char)ch);
socket.close();