我遇到了一个问题，迈克建议的方法部分有效，我有一个错误复制列名= '0'，并更改了您的查询的语法如下'

     $tQ = "INSERT  INTO names (name_id, surname_id, sum, sum2, sum3,sum4,sum5) 
                SELECT '$name', '$surname', '$sum', '$sum2', '$sum3','$sum4','$sum5' 
FROM DUAL
                WHERE NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT sum FROM names WHERE name_id = '$name' 
AND surname_id = '$surname') LIMIT 1;";

问题出在列名上。sum3等于sum4, mysql抛出重复的列名，我用这种语法写了代码，它工作得很好，

INSERT不允许语法中的WHERE。

你可以做的是:在字段上创建一个UNIQUE INDEX，它应该是唯一的(name)，然后使用:

正常插入(如果名称已经存在，则处理错误) INSERT IGNORE(如果name已经存在，将无声失败，导致警告(而不是错误)) 插入……ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE(如果名称已经存在，将在末尾执行UPDATE，请参阅文档)

你可以简单地使用以下方法:

INSERT INTO ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ...

通过这种方式，您可以插入任何新的原始数据，如果有重复的数据，则替换特定的列(最好的列是时间戳)。 例如:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Devices (
  id         INT(6)       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  unique_id  VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  created_at VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY unique_id (unique_id),
  UNIQUE KEY id (id)
)
  CHARACTER SET utf8
  COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;

INSERT INTO Devices(unique_id, time) 
VALUES('$device_id', '$current_time') 
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE time = '$current_time';

这个查询很有效:

INSERT INTO `user` ( `username` , `password` )
    SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'ersks', md5( 'Nepal' )) AS tmp
    WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT `username` FROM `user` WHERE `username` = 'ersks' 
    AND `password` = md5( 'Nepal' )) LIMIT 1

你可以使用下面的查询来创建表:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `username` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
    `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
    `status` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0',
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

注意:在尝试使用第一个查询之前，使用第二个查询创建表。

我并不是建议你这样做，因为Piskvor和其他人建议的UNIQUE索引是一个更好的方法，但你实际上可以做你正在尝试的事情:

CREATE TABLE `table_listnames` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `tele` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

插入一个记录:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Rupert', 'Somewhere', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

尝试再次插入相同的记录:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Rupert', 'Somewhere', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

插入一条不同的记录:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'John', 'Doe', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'John'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
|  2 | John   | Doe       | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

等等……

更新:

为了防止#1060 -重复列名错误，如果两个值可能相等，你必须命名内部SELECT的列:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Unknown' AS name, 'Unknown' AS address, '022' AS tele) AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+---------+-----------+------+
| id | name    | address   | tele |
+----+---------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert  | Somewhere | 022  |
|  2 | John    | Doe       | 022  |
|  3 | Unknown | Unknown   | 022  |
+----+---------+-----------+------+

INSERT IGNORE INTO `mytable`
SET `field0` = '2',
`field1` = 12345,
`field2` = 12678;

这里的mysql查询，即插入记录，如果不存在，将忽略现有的类似记录。

----Untested----