ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employee] ADD  DEFAULT ('N') FOR [CityBorn]

不能使用alter列，而是使用add列

ALTER TABLE Employee 
ADD DEFAULT('SANDNES') FOR CityBorn

Hoodaticus的解决方案是完美的，谢谢，但我也需要它是可重新运行的，并找到了这种方式来检查它是否已经完成……

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns 
           WHERE table_name='myTable' AND column_name='myColumn' 
             AND Table_schema='myDBO' AND column_default IS NULL) 
BEGIN 
  ALTER TABLE [myDBO].[myTable] ADD DEFAULT 0 FOR [myColumn] --Hoodaticus
END

ALTER TABLE tblUser
 ADD CONSTRAINT DF_User_CreatedON DEFAULT GETDATE() FOR CreatedOn

ALTER TABLE Employee ADD DEFAULT 'SANDNES' FOR CityBorn

就像Yuck的答案，检查允许脚本运行多次而没有错误。(与使用information_schema.columns相比，代码/自定义字符串更少)

IF object_id('DF_SomeName', 'D') IS NULL BEGIN
    Print 'Creating Constraint DF_SomeName'
   ALTER TABLE Employee ADD CONSTRAINT DF_SomeName DEFAULT N'SANDNES' FOR CityBorn;
END