我有一个表来存储我的兔子的信息。它是这样的:
create table rabbits (rabbit_id bigserial primary key, info json not null);
insert into rabbits (info) values
('{"name":"Henry", "food":["lettuce","carrots"]}'),
('{"name":"Herald","food":["carrots","zucchini"]}'),
('{"name":"Helen", "food":["lettuce","cheese"]}');
我该如何找到喜欢吃胡萝卜的兔子呢?我想到了这个:
select info->>'name' from rabbits where exists (
select 1 from json_array_elements(info->'food') as food
where food::text = '"carrots"'
);
我不喜欢这个问题。真是一团糟。
作为一个全职的养兔人,我没有时间更改我的数据库模式。我只是想好好喂养我的兔子。是否有更可读的方式来执行该查询?
从PostgreSQL 9.4开始,您可以使用?接线员:
select info->>'name' from rabbits where (info->'food')::jsonb ? 'carrots';
你甚至可以索引?如果你切换到jsonb类型,则在"food"键上查询:
alter table rabbits alter info type jsonb using info::jsonb;
create index on rabbits using gin ((info->'food'));
select info->>'name' from rabbits where info->'food' ? 'carrots';
当然,作为一个全职的养兔人,你可能没有时间做这些。
更新:下面是在一张有100万只兔子的桌子上演示的性能改进,每只兔子喜欢两种食物,其中10%喜欢胡萝卜:
d=# -- Postgres 9.3 solution
d=# explain analyze select info->>'name' from rabbits where exists (
d(# select 1 from json_array_elements(info->'food') as food
d(# where food::text = '"carrots"'
d(# );
Execution time: 3084.927 ms
d=# -- Postgres 9.4+ solution
d=# explain analyze select info->'name' from rabbits where (info->'food')::jsonb ? 'carrots';
Execution time: 1255.501 ms
d=# alter table rabbits alter info type jsonb using info::jsonb;
d=# explain analyze select info->'name' from rabbits where info->'food' ? 'carrots';
Execution time: 465.919 ms
d=# create index on rabbits using gin ((info->'food'));
d=# explain analyze select info->'name' from rabbits where info->'food' ? 'carrots';
Execution time: 256.478 ms