如果我想将仅对特定提交中更改的部分文件(包括对多个文件的更改)进行的更改合并到Git分支中,如何实现这一点?

假设名为stuff的Git提交对文件A、B、C和D进行了更改,但我只想将stuff的更改合并到文件A和B。这听起来像Git cherry-pick的工作,但cherry pick只知道如何合并整个提交,而不是文件的子集。


当前回答

Cherry pick是从特定的“提交”中选择更改。最简单的解决方案是选择某些文件的所有更改

 git checkout source_branch <paths>...

例如:

$ git branch
* master
  twitter_integration
$ git checkout twitter_integration app/models/avatar.rb db/migrate/20090223104419_create_avatars.rb test/unit/models/avatar_test.rb test/functional/models/avatar_test.rb
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#   new file:   app/models/avatar.rb
#   new file:   db/migrate/20090223104419_create_avatars.rb
#   new file:   test/functional/models/avatar_test.rb
#   new file:   test/unit/models/avatar_test.rb
#
$ git commit -m "'Merge' avatar code from 'twitter_integration' branch"
[master]: created 4d3e37b: "'Merge' avatar code from 'twitter_integration' branch"
4 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 app/models/avatar.rb
create mode 100644 db/migrate/20090223104419_create_avatars.rb
create mode 100644 test/functional/models/avatar_test.rb
create mode 100644 test/unit/models/avatar_test.rb

来源和完整解释http://jasonrudolph.com/blog/2009/02/25/git-tip-how-to-merge-specific-files-from-another-branch/

更新:

使用此方法,git不会合并文件,它只会覆盖在目标分支上所做的任何其他更改。您需要手动合并更改:

$git diff HEAD文件名

其他回答

有时,使用签出从提交中获取特定文件可能更容易。在我看来,它给了你更多的控制权,而且在樱桃采摘后不必检查和拆封。

我会这样做:

git checkout <branch|hash> -- path/to/file1 path/to/filen

然后,在提交之前,取消编写必要的更改以适应代码并对其进行测试。如果一切按预期进行,那么提交。

为了完整,最适合我的是:

git show YOURHASH --no-color -- file1.txt file2.txt dir3 dir4 | git apply -3 --index -

这正是OP想要的。它在需要时进行冲突解决,类似于合并的方式。它会添加但不会提交新的更改,请参阅状态。

与Jefromi的答案相比,这种方法的优势可能在于您不必记住git重置的哪个行为是正确的:)

 # Create a branch to throw away, on which we'll do the cherry-pick:
 git checkout -b to-discard

 # Do the cherry-pick:
 git cherry-pick stuff

 # Switch back to the branch you were previously on:
 git checkout -

 # Update the working tree and the index with the versions of A and B
 # from the to-discard branch:
 git checkout to-discard -- A B

 # Commit those changes:
 git commit -m "Cherry-picked changes to A and B from [stuff]"

 # Delete the temporary branch:
 git branch -D to-discard

我会使用cherry-pick-n(--no-commit)来完成,它允许您在提交之前检查(和修改)结果:

git cherry-pick -n <commit>

# unstage modifications you don't want to keep, and remove the
# modifications from the work tree as well.
# this does work recursively!
git checkout HEAD <path>

# commit; the message will have been stored for you by cherry-pick
git commit

如果绝大多数修改都是您不想要的,那么您可以重新设置所有内容,然后添加您想要的内容,而不是检查各个路径(中间步骤):

# unstage everything
git reset HEAD

# stage the modifications you do want
git add <path>

# make the work tree match the index
# (do this from the top level of the repo)
git checkout .

其他方法对我不起作用,因为提交时对很多其他文件进行了大量更改和冲突。我想到的只是

git show SHA -- file1.txt file2.txt | git apply -

它实际上并没有为您添加文件或进行提交,因此您可能需要使用

git add file1.txt file2.txt
git commit -c SHA

或者,如果您想跳过add,可以使用--cached参数来git-apply

git show SHA -- file1.txt file2.txt | git apply --cached -

您也可以对整个目录执行相同的操作

git show SHA -- dir1 dir2 | git apply -