您可以使用前向和后向，这是正则表达式的特性。

System.out.println(Arrays.toString("a;b;c;d".split("(?<=;)")));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString("a;b;c;d".split("(?=;)")));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString("a;b;c;d".split("((?<=;)|(?=;))")));

你会得到:

[a;, b;, c;, d]
[a, ;b, ;c, ;d]
[a, ;, b, ;, c, ;, d]

最后一个是你想要的。

(?<=;)|(?=;))等于在前面选择一个空字符;或之后;。

编辑:Fabian Steeg关于可读性的评论是有效的。可读性一直是正则表达式的一个问题。为了使正则表达式更具可读性，我做的一件事是创建一个变量，其名称表示正则表达式的功能。您甚至可以放置占位符(例如%1$s)并使用Java的String。Format将占位符替换为您需要使用的实际字符串;例如:

static public final String WITH_DELIMITER = "((?<=%1$s)|(?=%1$s))";

public void someMethod() {
    final String[] aEach = "a;b;c;d".split(String.format(WITH_DELIMITER, ";"));
    ...
}

我不知道Java API中是否存在这样做的现有函数(这并不是说它不存在)，但这是我自己的实现(一个或多个分隔符将作为单个令牌返回;如果你想让每个分隔符作为一个单独的标记返回，它将需要一些适应):

static String[] splitWithDelimiters(String s) {
    if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
        return new String[0];
    }
    LinkedList<String> result = new LinkedList<String>();
    StringBuilder sb = null;
    boolean wasLetterOrDigit = !Character.isLetterOrDigit(s.charAt(0));
    for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
        if (Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) ^ wasLetterOrDigit) {
            if (sb != null) {
                result.add(sb.toString());
            }
            sb = new StringBuilder();
            wasLetterOrDigit = !wasLetterOrDigit;
        }
        sb.append(c);
    }
    result.add(sb.toString());
    return result.toArray(new String[0]);
}

import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.LinkedList;

public class Splitter {
    private static final Pattern DEFAULT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\s+");

    private Pattern pattern;
    private boolean keep_delimiters;

    public Splitter(Pattern pattern, boolean keep_delimiters) {
        this.pattern = pattern;
        this.keep_delimiters = keep_delimiters;
    }
    public Splitter(String pattern, boolean keep_delimiters) {
        this(Pattern.compile(pattern==null?"":pattern), keep_delimiters);
    }
    public Splitter(Pattern pattern) { this(pattern, true); }
    public Splitter(String pattern) { this(pattern, true); }
    public Splitter(boolean keep_delimiters) { this(DEFAULT_PATTERN, keep_delimiters); }
    public Splitter() { this(DEFAULT_PATTERN); }

    public String[] split(String text) {
        if (text == null) {
            text = "";
        }

        int last_match = 0;
        LinkedList<String> splitted = new LinkedList<String>();

        Matcher m = this.pattern.matcher(text);

        while (m.find()) {

            splitted.add(text.substring(last_match,m.start()));

            if (this.keep_delimiters) {
                splitted.add(m.group());
            }

            last_match = m.end();
        }

        splitted.add(text.substring(last_match));

        return splitted.toArray(new String[splitted.size()]);
    }

    public static void main(String[] argv) {
        if (argv.length != 2) {
            System.err.println("Syntax: java Splitter <pattern> <text>");
            return;
        }

        Pattern pattern = null;
        try {
            pattern = Pattern.compile(argv[0]);
        }
        catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
            System.err.println(e);
            return;
        }

        Splitter splitter = new Splitter(pattern);

        String text = argv[1];
        int counter = 1;
        for (String part : splitter.split(text)) {
            System.out.printf("Part %d: \"%s\"\n", counter++, part);
        }
    }
}

/*
    Example:
    > java Splitter "\W+" "Hello World!"
    Part 1: "Hello"
    Part 2: " "
    Part 3: "World"
    Part 4: "!"
    Part 5: ""
*/

我不太喜欢另一种方式，前后都有一个空元素。分隔符通常不在字符串的开头或结尾，因此通常会浪费两个良好的数组插槽。

编辑:固定的限制情况。带有测试用例的注释源代码可以在这里找到:http://snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/6453

这个问题的一个微妙之处涉及到“前导分隔符”问题:如果要有一个组合的令牌和分隔符数组，则必须知道它是以令牌还是以分隔符开始的。你当然可以假设前导界限应该被丢弃，但这似乎是一个不合理的假设。你可能还想知道你是否有一个拖拽的delim。这将相应地设置两个布尔标志。

用Groovy编写，但Java版本应该相当明显:

            String tokenRegex = /[\p{L}\p{N}]+/ // a String in Groovy, Unicode alphanumeric
            def finder = phraseForTokenising =~ tokenRegex
            // NB in Groovy the variable 'finder' is then of class java.util.regex.Matcher
            def finderIt = finder.iterator() // extra method added to Matcher by Groovy magic
            int start = 0
            boolean leadingDelim, trailingDelim
            def combinedTokensAndDelims = [] // create an array in Groovy

            while( finderIt.hasNext() )
            {
                def token = finderIt.next()
                int finderStart = finder.start()
                String delim = phraseForTokenising[ start  .. finderStart - 1 ]
                // Groovy: above gets slice of String/array
                if( start == 0 ) leadingDelim = finderStart != 0
                if( start > 0 || leadingDelim ) combinedTokensAndDelims << delim
                combinedTokensAndDelims << token // add element to end of array
                start = finder.end()
            }
            // start == 0 indicates no tokens found
            if( start > 0 ) {
                // finish by seeing whether there is a trailing delim
                trailingDelim = start < phraseForTokenising.length()
                if( trailingDelim ) combinedTokensAndDelims << phraseForTokenising[ start .. -1 ]

                println( "leading delim? $leadingDelim, trailing delim? $trailingDelim, combined array:\n $combinedTokensAndDelims" )

            }

    String expression = "((A+B)*C-D)*E";
    expression = expression.replaceAll("\\+", "~+~");
    expression = expression.replaceAll("\\*", "~*~");
    expression = expression.replaceAll("-", "~-~");
    expression = expression.replaceAll("/+", "~/~");
    expression = expression.replaceAll("\\(", "~(~"); //also you can use [(] instead of \\(
    expression = expression.replaceAll("\\)", "~)~"); //also you can use [)] instead of \\)
    expression = expression.replaceAll("~~", "~");
    if(expression.startsWith("~")) {
        expression = expression.substring(1);
    }

    String[] expressionArray = expression.split("~");
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(expressionArray));

我来晚了，但回到最初的问题，为什么不使用搜索呢?

Pattern p = Pattern.compile("(?<=\\w)(?=\\W)|(?<=\\W)(?=\\w)");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(p.split("'ab','cd','eg'")));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(p.split("boo:and:foo")));

输出:

[', ab, ',', cd, ',', eg, ']
[boo, :, and, :, foo]

编辑:您在上面看到的是我运行该代码时命令行上出现的内容，但我现在看到它有点令人困惑。很难跟踪哪些逗号是结果的一部分，哪些是由Arrays.toString()添加的。SO的语法高亮显示也没有帮助。为了让突出显示与我一起工作而不是反对我，下面是我在源代码中声明这些数组的样子:

{ "'", "ab", "','", "cd", "','", "eg", "'" }
{ "boo", ":", "and", ":", "foo" }

我希望这更容易理解。谢谢你的提醒，@finnw。