前面的回答正确地指出，您只能使用标准JDK工具，首先将JKS文件转换为PKCS #12格式。如果您感兴趣，我整理了一个紧凑的实用程序，可以将openssl派生的密钥导入到jks格式的密钥存储库中，而不必首先将密钥存储库转换为PKCS #12: http://commandlinefanatic.com/cgi-bin/showarticle.cgi?article=art049

你可以像这样使用链接的实用程序:

$ openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout localhost.key -out localhost.csr -subj "/CN=localhost"

(签署CSR，返回localhost.cer)

$ openssl rsa -in localhost.key -out localhost.rsa
Enter pass phrase for localhost.key:
writing RSA key
$ java -classpath . KeyImport -keyFile localhost.rsa -alias localhost -certificateFile localhost.cer -keystore localhost.jks -keystorePassword changeit -keystoreType JKS -keyPassword changeit

Java 6中的Keytool确实具有这种功能:使用Keytool将私钥导入Java密钥存储库

以下是那篇文章的基本细节。

Convert the existing cert to a PKCS12 using OpenSSL. A password is required when asked or the 2nd step will complain. openssl pkcs12 -export -in [my_certificate.crt] -inkey [my_key.key] -out [keystore.p12] -name [new_alias] -CAfile [my_ca_bundle.crt] -caname root Convert the PKCS12 to a Java Keystore File. keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass [new_keystore_pass] -destkeypass [new_key_pass] -destkeystore [keystore.jks] -srckeystore [keystore.p12] -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass [pass_used_in_p12_keystore] -alias [alias_used_in_p12_keystore]

是的，keytool没有导入私钥的功能，这确实是一个可悲的事实。

在最后，我使用了这里描述的解决方案

还有一点:

#!/bin/bash

# We have:
#
# 1) $KEY : Secret key in PEM format ("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----") 
# 2) $LEAFCERT : Certificate for secret key obtained from some
#    certification outfit, also in PEM format ("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----")   
# 3) $CHAINCERT : Intermediate certificate linking $LEAFCERT to a trusted
#    Self-Signed Root CA Certificate 
#
# We want to create a fresh Java "keystore" $TARGET_KEYSTORE with the
# password $TARGET_STOREPW, to be used by Tomcat for HTTPS Connector.
#
# The keystore must contain: $KEY, $LEAFCERT, $CHAINCERT
# The Self-Signed Root CA Certificate is obtained by Tomcat from the
# JDK's truststore in /etc/pki/java/cacerts

# The non-APR HTTPS connector (APR uses OpenSSL-like configuration, much
# easier than this) in server.xml looks like this 
# (See: https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/ssl-howto.html):
#
#  <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
#                SSLEnabled="true"
#                maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
#                clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
#                keystoreFile="/etc/tomcat6/etl-web.keystore.jks"
#                keystorePass="changeit" />
#

# Let's roll:    

TARGET_KEYSTORE=/etc/tomcat6/foo-server.keystore.jks
TARGET_STOREPW=changeit

TLS=/etc/pki/tls

KEY=$TLS/private/httpd/foo-server.example.com.key
LEAFCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/foo-server.example.com.pem
CHAINCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/chain.cert.pem

# ----
# Create PKCS#12 file to import using keytool later
# ----

# From https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-converter.html:
# The PKCS#12 or PFX format is a binary format for storing the server certificate,
# any intermediate certificates, and the private key in one encryptable file. PFX
# files usually have extensions such as .pfx and .p12. PFX files are typically used 
# on Windows machines to import and export certificates and private keys.

TMPPW=$$ # Some random password

PKCS12FILE=`mktemp`

if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
  echo "Creation of temporary PKCS12 file failed -- exiting" >&2; exit 1
fi

TRANSITFILE=`mktemp`

if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
  echo "Creation of temporary transit file failed -- exiting" >&2; exit 1
fi

cat "$KEY" "$LEAFCERT" > "$TRANSITFILE"

openssl pkcs12 -export -passout "pass:$TMPPW" -in "$TRANSITFILE" -name etl-web > "$PKCS12FILE"

/bin/rm "$TRANSITFILE"

# Print out result for fun! Bug in doc (I think): "-pass " arg does not work, need "-passin"

openssl pkcs12 -passin "pass:$TMPPW" -passout "pass:$TMPPW" -in "$PKCS12FILE" -info

# ----
# Import contents of PKCS12FILE into a Java keystore. WTF, Sun, what were you thinking?
# ----

if [[ -f "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" ]]; then
  /bin/rm "$TARGET_KEYSTORE"
fi

keytool -importkeystore \
   -deststorepass  "$TARGET_STOREPW" \
   -destkeypass    "$TARGET_STOREPW" \
   -destkeystore   "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" \
   -srckeystore    "$PKCS12FILE" \
   -srcstoretype  PKCS12 \
   -srcstorepass  "$TMPPW" \
   -alias foo-the-server

/bin/rm "$PKCS12FILE"

# ----
# Import the chain certificate. This works empirically, it is not at all clear from the doc whether this is correct
# ----

echo "Importing chain"

TT=-trustcacerts

keytool -import $TT -storepass "$TARGET_STOREPW" -file "$CHAINCERT" -keystore "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" -alias chain

# ----
# Print contents
# ----

echo "Listing result"

keytool -list -storepass "$TARGET_STOREPW" -keystore "$TARGET_KEYSTORE"

根据上面的答案，下面是如何为你的基于java的web服务器创建一个全新的密钥存储库，使用keytool独立创建一个Comodo证书和私钥(需要JDK 1.6+)

Issue this command and at the password prompt enter somepass - 'server.crt' is your server's cert and 'server.key' is the private key you used for issuing the CSR: openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey server.key -out server.p12 -name www.yourdomain.com -CAfile AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt -caname "AddTrust External CA Root" Then use keytool to convert the p12 keystore into a jks keystore: keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass somepass -destkeypass somepass -destkeystore keystore.jks -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass somepass

然后导入你从Comodo收到的另外两个根/中间证书:

进口COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt: keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias cert1 -file COMODORSAAddTrustCA. exeCRT -keystore keystore.jks 进口COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt: keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias cert2 -file COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA. txtCRT -keystore keystore.jks

在我的例子中，我有一个pem文件，其中包含两个证书和一个用于相互SSL身份验证的加密私钥。 我的pem文件是这样的:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,C8BF220FC76AA5F9
...
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

以下是我所做的:

将文件拆分为三个单独的文件，这样每个文件只包含一个条目， 以“——BEGIN..”开头，以“——END..”结尾。让我们假设现在有三个文件:cert1。pem cert2。Pem和pkey.pem

pkey进行转换。使用openssl将pem文件转换为DER格式，并执行如下语法:

Openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in pkey. exepem -out pkey.der -outform DER . pem

注意，如果私钥是加密的，你需要提供一个密码(从原始pem文件的供应商那里获得) 转换为DER格式， Openssl会像这样要求你输入密码:“enter a pass phrase for pkey。pem:“ 如果转换成功，您将得到一个名为“pkey.der”的新文件。

创建一个新的java密钥存储库，并导入私钥和证书:

String keypass = "password";  // this is a new password, you need to come up with to protect your java key store file
String defaultalias = "importkey";
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");

// this section does not make much sense to me, 
// but I will leave it intact as this is how it was in the original example I found on internet:   
ks.load( null, keypass.toCharArray());
ks.store( new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore"  ), keypass.toCharArray());
ks.load( new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ),    keypass.toCharArray());
// end of section..


// read the key file from disk and create a PrivateKey

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("pkey.der");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
byte[] bytes = new byte[dis.available()];
dis.readFully(bytes);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);

byte[] key = new byte[bais.available()];
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
bais.read(key, 0, bais.available());
bais.close();

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keysp = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec ( key );
PrivateKey ff = kf.generatePrivate (keysp);


// read the certificates from the files and load them into the key store:

Collection  col_crt1 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert1.pem"));
Collection  col_crt2 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert2.pem"));

Certificate crt1 = (Certificate) col_crt1.iterator().next();
Certificate crt2 = (Certificate) col_crt2.iterator().next();
Certificate[] chain = new Certificate[] { crt1, crt2 };

String alias1 = ((X509Certificate) crt1).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();
String alias2 = ((X509Certificate) crt2).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();

ks.setCertificateEntry(alias1, crt1);
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias2, crt2);

// store the private key
ks.setKeyEntry(defaultalias, ff, keypass.toCharArray(), chain );

// save the key store to a file         
ks.store(new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore" ),keypass.toCharArray());

(可选)验证新密钥存储库的内容:

keytool -list -keystore mykeystore -storepass password

密钥库类型:JKS密钥库提供者:SUN 您的密钥存储库包含3个条目 cn =…,ou =…,o = . .， 2014年9月2日，trustedCertEntry，证书 fingerprint (SHA1): 2C:B8:… importkey, 2014年9月2日，PrivateKeyEntry，证书指纹 (sha1): 9c: b0:… cn =…,o =…， 2014年9月2日，trustedCertEntry，证书指纹 (sha1): 83:63:…

(可选)在SSL服务器上测试新密钥库中的证书和私钥: (你可能想把调试作为一个虚拟机选项:-Djavax.net.debug=all)

        char[] passw = "password".toCharArray();
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ), passw );

        KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
        kmf.init(ks, passw);

        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        TrustManager[] tm = tmf.getTrustManagers();

        SSLContext sclx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sclx.init( kmf.getKeyManagers(), tm, null);

        SSLSocketFactory factory = sclx.getSocketFactory();
        SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket( "192.168.1.111", 443 );
        socket.startHandshake();

        //if no exceptions are thrown in the startHandshake method, then everything is fine..

最后注册你的证书与HttpsURLConnection如果计划使用它:

        char[] passw = "password".toCharArray();
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ), passw );

        KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
        kmf.init(ks, passw);

        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        TrustManager[] tm = tmf.getTrustManagers();

        SSLContext sclx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sclx.init( kmf.getKeyManagers(), tm, null);

        HostnameVerifier hv = new HostnameVerifier()
        {
            public boolean verify(String urlHostName, SSLSession session)
            {
                if (!urlHostName.equalsIgnoreCase(session.getPeerHost()))
                {
                    System.out.println("Warning: URL host '" + urlHostName + "' is different to SSLSession host '" + session.getPeerHost() + "'.");
                }
                return true;
            }
        };

        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory( sclx.getSocketFactory() );
        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hv);