你可以在-prune选项中使用find。

一个来自man find的例子:

       cd /source-dir
       find . -name .snapshot -prune -o \( \! -name *~ -print0 \)|
       cpio -pmd0 /dest-dir

       This command copies the contents of /source-dir to /dest-dir, but omits
       files  and directories named .snapshot (and anything in them).  It also
       omits files or directories whose name ends in ~,  but  not  their  con‐
       tents.  The construct -prune -o \( ... -print0 \) is quite common.  The
       idea here is that the expression before -prune matches things which are
       to  be  pruned.  However, the -prune action itself returns true, so the
       following -o ensures that the right hand side  is  evaluated  only  for
       those  directories  which didn't get pruned (the contents of the pruned
       directories are not even visited, so their  contents  are  irrelevant).
       The  expression on the right hand side of the -o is in parentheses only
       for clarity.  It emphasises that the -print0 action  takes  place  only
       for  things  that  didn't  have  -prune  applied  to them.  Because the
       default `and' condition between tests binds more tightly than -o,  this
       is  the  default anyway, but the parentheses help to show what is going
       on.

你可以使用tar，带——exclude选项，然后在destination中解tar。如

cd /source_directory
tar cvf test.tar --exclude=dir_to_exclude *
mv test.tar /destination 
cd /destination  
tar xvf test.tar

有关更多信息，请参阅tar的手册页

你可以在-prune选项中使用find。

一个来自man find的例子:

       cd /source-dir
       find . -name .snapshot -prune -o \( \! -name *~ -print0 \)|
       cpio -pmd0 /dest-dir

       This command copies the contents of /source-dir to /dest-dir, but omits
       files  and directories named .snapshot (and anything in them).  It also
       omits files or directories whose name ends in ~,  but  not  their  con‐
       tents.  The construct -prune -o \( ... -print0 \) is quite common.  The
       idea here is that the expression before -prune matches things which are
       to  be  pruned.  However, the -prune action itself returns true, so the
       following -o ensures that the right hand side  is  evaluated  only  for
       those  directories  which didn't get pruned (the contents of the pruned
       directories are not even visited, so their  contents  are  irrelevant).
       The  expression on the right hand side of the -o is in parentheses only
       for clarity.  It emphasises that the -print0 action  takes  place  only
       for  things  that  didn't  have  -prune  applied  to them.  Because the
       default `and' condition between tests binds more tightly than -o,  this
       is  the  default anyway, but the parentheses help to show what is going
       on.

使用 rsync：

rsync -av --exclude='path1/to/exclude' --exclude='path2/to/exclude' source destination

注意，使用source和source/是不同的。后面的斜杠表示将文件夹源的内容复制到目标。如果没有后面的斜杠，它意味着将文件夹源复制到目标。

或者，如果要排除很多目录(或文件)，可以使用——exclude-from=FILE，其中FILE是包含要排除的文件或目录的文件名。

——exclude也可以包含通配符，例如——exclude=*/.svn*

EXCLUDE="foo bar blah jah"                                                                             
DEST=$1

for i in *
do
    for x in $EXCLUDE
    do  
        if [ $x != $i ]; then
            cp -a $i $DEST
        fi  
    done
done

未经考验的……

使用焦油和管道。

cd /source_directory
tar cf - --exclude=dir_to_exclude . | (cd /destination && tar xvf - )

您甚至可以跨ssh使用此技术。