在我的案例中，是oursql导致了如下所示的相同(通用)错误。

In file included from oursqlx/oursql.c:236:0:
  oursqlx/compat.h:13:19: fatal error: mysql.h: No such file or directory
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for oursql
  Running setup.py clean for oursql

因此，我知道我需要libmysqlcppconn-dev包。

sudo apt-get install libmysqlcppconn-dev

一切都好!

Error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

执行sudo apt-get install python-dev解决了这个错误。

这对我来说已经足够了:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf libtool pkg-config python-opengl python-imaging python-pyrex python-pyside.qtopengl idle-python2.7 qt4-dev-tools qt4-designer libqtgui4 libqtcore4 libqt4-xml libqt4-test libqt4-script libqt4-network libqt4-dbus python-qt4 python-qt4-gl libgle3 python-dev

sudo easy_install greenlet

sudo easy_install gevent

您需要安装这些软件包:

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev python-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libldap2-dev libsasl2-dev libffi-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev

对于Python 3.4使用:

sudo apt-get install python3.4-dev

对于Python 3.5，请使用:

sudo apt-get install python3.5-dev

对于Python 3.6使用:

sudo apt-get install python3.6-dev

对于Python 3.7，请使用:

sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

对于Python 3.8使用:

sudo apt-get install python3.8-dev

．.． 等等……