在我的案例中，是oursql导致了如下所示的相同(通用)错误。

In file included from oursqlx/oursql.c:236:0:
  oursqlx/compat.h:13:19: fatal error: mysql.h: No such file or directory
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for oursql
  Running setup.py clean for oursql

因此，我知道我需要libmysqlcppconn-dev包。

sudo apt-get install libmysqlcppconn-dev

一切都好!

除了一些其他有用的答案，如果docker-compose把你带到这里——使用你的venv集，运行:

easy_install docker-compose

Error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

执行sudo apt-get install python-dev解决了这个错误。

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf libtool pkg-config python-opengl python-imaging python-pyrex python-pyside.qtopengl idle-python2.7 qt4-dev-tools qt4-designer libqtgui4 libqtcore4 libqt4-xml libqt4-test libqt4-script libqt4-network libqt4-dbus python-qt4 python-qt4-gl libgle3 python-dev

sudo easy_install greenlet

sudo easy_install gevent

尝试安装这些包。

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf libtool pkg-config python-opengl python-pil python-pyrex python-pyside.qtopengl idle-python2.7 qt4-dev-tools qt4-designer libqtgui4 libqtcore4 libqt4-xml libqt4-test libqt4-script libqt4-network libqt4-dbus python-qt4 python-qt4-gl libgle3 python-dev libssl-dev

sudo easy_install greenlet

sudo easy_install gevent

h只是一个头文件。gcc使用它来构建应用程序。您需要安装一个名为python-dev的包。这个包包括头文件、静态库和用于构建Python模块、扩展Python解释器或在应用程序中嵌入Python的开发工具。

输入:

$ sudo apt-get install python-dev

or

# apt-get install python-dev

参见http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/debian-ubuntu-linux-python-h-file-not-found-error-solution/