在我的案例中，是oursql导致了如下所示的相同(通用)错误。

In file included from oursqlx/oursql.c:236:0:
  oursqlx/compat.h:13:19: fatal error: mysql.h: No such file or directory
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for oursql
  Running setup.py clean for oursql

因此，我知道我需要libmysqlcppconn-dev包。

sudo apt-get install libmysqlcppconn-dev

一切都好!

$ sudo apt-get install gcc
$ sudo apt-get install python-dateutil python-docutils python-feedparser python-gdata python-jinja2 python-ldap python-libxslt1 python-lxml python-mako python-mock python-openid python-psycopg2 python-psutil python-pybabel python-pychart python-pydot python-pyparsing python-reportlab python-simplejson python-tz python-unittest2 python-vatnumber python-vobject python-webdav python-werkzeug python-xlwt python-yaml python-zsi

或者试试这个:

$ sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev

您需要安装这些软件包:

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev python-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libldap2-dev libsasl2-dev libffi-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev

尝试安装这些包。

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf libtool pkg-config python-opengl python-pil python-pyrex python-pyside.qtopengl idle-python2.7 qt4-dev-tools qt4-designer libqtgui4 libqtcore4 libqt4-xml libqt4-test libqt4-script libqt4-network libqt4-dbus python-qt4 python-qt4-gl libgle3 python-dev libssl-dev

sudo easy_install greenlet

sudo easy_install gevent

在我的情况下，pip无法安装库，我尝试了上面给出的解决方案，但没有一个有效，但下面的方法对我有效:

sudo apt upgrade gcc

h只是一个头文件。gcc使用它来构建应用程序。您需要安装一个名为python-dev的包。这个包包括头文件、静态库和用于构建Python模块、扩展Python解释器或在应用程序中嵌入Python的开发工具。

输入:

$ sudo apt-get install python-dev

or

# apt-get install python-dev

参见http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/debian-ubuntu-linux-python-h-file-not-found-error-solution/