我在试着理解如何正确地观察一些道具的变化。 我有一个父组件(。Vue文件),从ajax调用接收数据,把数据放在一个对象中,并使用它来通过v-for指令渲染一些子组件,下面是我的实现的简化:

<template>
  <div>
    <player v-for="(item, key, index) in players"
      :item="item"
      :index="index"
      :key="key"">
    </player>
  </div>
</template>

... 然后在<script>标签内:

 data(){
     return {
         players: {}
 },
 created(){
        let self = this;
        this.$http.get('../serv/config/player.php').then((response) => {
            let pls = response.body;
            for (let p in pls) {
                self.$set(self.players, p, pls[p]);
            }
    });
}

Item对象是这样的:

item:{
   prop: value,
   someOtherProp: {
       nestedProp: nestedValue,
       myArray: [{type: "a", num: 1},{type: "b" num: 6} ...]
    },
}

现在,在我的孩子“播放器”组件中,我试图观察任何项目的属性变化,我使用:

...
watch:{
    'item.someOtherProp'(newVal){
        //to work with changes in "myArray"
    },
    'item.prop'(newVal){
        //to work with changes in prop
    }
}

这是可行的,但对我来说似乎有点棘手,我想知道这是否是正确的方法。我的目标是每次道具改变或myArray获得新元素或现有元素中的一些变化时执行一些操作。任何建议都将不胜感激。


你可以使用深层观察者:

watch: {
  item: {
     handler(val){
       // do stuff
     },
     deep: true
  }
}

现在它将检测对项目数组中对象的任何更改以及对数组本身的添加(当与Vue.set一起使用时)。这是一个JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/je2rw3rs/

EDIT

如果你不想观察顶层对象的每一个变化,只是想要一个不那么尴尬的语法来直接观察嵌套对象,你可以简单地观察一个computed:

var vm = new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  computed: {
    foo() {
      return this.item.foo;
    }
  },
  watch: {
    foo() {
      console.log('Foo Changed!');
    }
  },
  data: {
    item: {
      foo: 'foo'
    }
  }
})

这是JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/oa07r5fw/


另一种更好的方法是:

 watch:{
     'item.someOtherProp': function (newVal, oldVal){
         //to work with changes in someOtherProp
     },
     'item.prop': function(newVal, oldVal){
         //to work with changes in prop
     }
 }

(我从评论里的@peerbolte那里学到了这个方法)


如果你想看一段时间的财产,然后取消它怎么办? 或者查看库子组件属性?

你可以使用“动态观察者”:

this.$watch(
 'object.property', //what you want to watch
 (newVal, oldVal) => {
    //execute your code here
 }
)

$watch返回一个unwatch函数,如果被调用,它将停止监视。

var unwatch = vm.$watch('a', cb)
// later, teardown the watcher
unwatch()

你也可以使用deep选项:

this.$watch(
'someObject', () => {
    //execute your code here
},
{ deep: true }
)

请一定要看一下医生


我对使用deep: true的公认答案的问题是,当深度观察一个数组时,我不能轻易地识别数组中的哪个元素包含了更改。我找到的唯一明确的解决方案是这个答案,它解释了如何制作一个组件,以便您可以单独观察每个数组元素。


VueJs深入观察儿童物体

new Vue({
    el: "#myElement",
    data: {
        entity: {
            properties: []
        }
    },
    watch: {
        'entity.properties': {
            handler: function (after, before) {
                // Changes detected. Do work...     
            },
            deep: true
        }
    }
});

另一种补充方法是,我曾经“破解”这个解决方案是这样做的: 我设置了一个单独的计算值,它将简单地返回嵌套的对象值。

data : function(){
    return {
        countries : {
            UnitedStates : {
                value: "hello world";
            }.
        },
    };
},
computed : {
    helperName : function(){
        return this.countries.UnitedStates.value;
    },
},
watch : {
    helperName : function(newVal, oldVal){
        // do this...
    }
}

这里没有提到,但是如果要扩展Vue类,也可以使用Vue -property-decorator模式。

import { Watch, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';

export default class SomeClass extends Vue {
   ...

   @Watch('item.someOtherProp')
   someOtherPropChange(newVal, oldVal) {
      // do something
   }

   ...
}

跟踪列表中单个更改的项

如果你想监视列表中的所有项目,并知道列表中的哪个项目发生了变化,你可以在每个项目上分别设置自定义监视器,如下所示:

var vm = new Vue({
  data: {
    list: [
      {name: 'obj1 to watch'},
      {name: 'obj2 to watch'},
    ],
  },
  methods: {
    handleChange (newVal, oldVal) {
      // Handle changes here!
      // NOTE: For mutated objects, newVal and oldVal will be identical.
      console.log(newVal);
    },
  },
  created () {
    this.list.forEach((val) => {
      this.$watch(() => val, this.handleChange, {deep: true});
    });
  },
});

如果你的列表没有立即填充(就像在最初的问题中),你可以将逻辑从created移到任何需要的地方,例如在.then()块中。

观察不断变化的列表

如果你的列表本身更新到有新的或删除的项目,我已经开发了一个有用的模式,“浅层”观察列表本身,并动态观察/取消观察项目随着列表的变化:

// NOTE: This example uses Lodash (_.differenceBy and _.pull) to compare lists
//       and remove list items. The same result could be achieved with lots of
//       list.indexOf(...) if you need to avoid external libraries.

var vm = new Vue({
  data: {
    list: [
      {name: 'obj1 to watch'},
      {name: 'obj2 to watch'},
    ],
    watchTracker: [],
  },
  methods: {
    handleChange (newVal, oldVal) {
      // Handle changes here!
      console.log(newVal);
    },
    updateWatchers () {
      // Helper function for comparing list items to the "watchTracker".
      const getItem = (val) => val.item || val;

      // Items that aren't already watched: watch and add to watched list.
      _.differenceBy(this.list, this.watchTracker, getItem).forEach((item) => {
        const unwatch = this.$watch(() => item, this.handleChange, {deep: true});
        this.watchTracker.push({ item: item, unwatch: unwatch });
        // Uncomment below if adding a new item to the list should count as a "change".
        // this.handleChange(item);
      });

      // Items that no longer exist: unwatch and remove from the watched list.
      _.differenceBy(this.watchTracker, this.list, getItem).forEach((watchObj) => {
        watchObj.unwatch();
        _.pull(this.watchTracker, watchObj);
        // Optionally add any further cleanup in here for when items are removed.
      });
    },
  },
  watch: {
    list () {
      return this.updateWatchers();
    },
  },
  created () {
    return this.updateWatchers();
  },
});

这些答案对我来说都没用。实际上,如果你想观察嵌套的数据与组件被多次调用。所以他们被称为不同的道具来识别他们。 例如<MyComponent chart="chart1"/> <MyComponent chart="chart2"/> 我的解决方法是创建一个额外的vuex状态变量,我手动更新它以指向上次更新的属性。

这是一台Vuex。Ts实现示例:

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        hovEpacTduList: {},  // a json of arrays to be shared by different components, 
                             // for example  hovEpacTduList["chart1"]=[2,6,9]
        hovEpacTduListChangeForChart: "chart1"  // to watch for latest update, 
                                                // here to access "chart1" update 
   },
   mutations: {
        setHovEpacTduList: (state, payload) => {
            state.hovEpacTduListChangeForChart = payload.chart // we will watch hovEpacTduListChangeForChart
            state.hovEpacTduList[payload.chart] = payload.list // instead of hovEpacTduList, which vuex cannot watch
        },
}

在任何Component函数上更新存储:

    const payload = {chart:"chart1", list: [4,6,3]}
    this.$store.commit('setHovEpacTduList', payload);

现在对任何组件进行更新:

    computed: {
        hovEpacTduListChangeForChart() {
            return this.$store.state.hovEpacTduListChangeForChart;
        }
    },
    watch: {
        hovEpacTduListChangeForChart(chart) {
            if (chart === this.chart)  // the component was created with chart as a prop <MyComponent chart="chart1"/> 
                console.log("Update! for", chart, this.$store.state.hovEpacTduList[chart]);
        },
    },

我发现它也是这样运作的:

watch: {
    "details.position"(newValue, oldValue) {
        console.log("changes here")
    }
},
data() {
    return {
      details: {
          position: ""
      }
    }
}

下面是一种为嵌套属性编写观察者的方法:

    new Vue({
        ...allYourOtherStuff,
        watch: {
            ['foo.bar'](newValue, oldValue) {
                // Do stuff here
            }
        }
    });

你甚至可以对异步观察者使用这个语法:

    new Vue({
        ...allYourOtherStuff,
        watch: {
            async ['foo.bar'](newValue, oldValue) {
                // Do stuff here
            }
        }
    });


我使用了deep:true,但发现在监视函数中的新旧值始终是相同的。作为之前解决方案的替代方案,我尝试了这个,它将通过将整个对象转换为字符串来检查它的任何变化:

created() {
    this.$watch(
        () => JSON.stringify(this.object),
            (newValue, oldValue) => {
                //do your stuff                
            }
    );
},

我个人更喜欢这种简洁的实现方式:

watch: {
  myVariable: {
     handler(newVal, oldVal){  // here having access to the new and old value
     // do stuff
       console.log(newVal, oldVal);
     },
     deep: true,
     /*
         Also very important the immediate in case you need it,
         the callback will be called immediately after the start
         of the observation
     */
     immediate: true 

  }
}

对于任何寻找Vue 3的人


import { watch } from 'vue';

...
...

watch(
  () => yourNestedObject,              // first param, your object
  (currValue, prevValue) => {          // second param, watcher callback
    console.log(currValue, prevValue);
  },
  { deep: true }                       // third param, for deep checking
);

您可以在这里参考文档:https://v3.vuejs.org/guide/reactivity-computed-watchers.html#watch


https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/watchers.html#deep-watchers

export default {
  watch: {
    someObject: {
      handler(newValue, oldValue) {
        // Note: `newValue` will be equal to `oldValue` here
        // on nested mutations as long as the object itself
        // hasn't been replaced.
      },
      deep: true
    }
  }
}