实际上在Python中，我们可以像从文件一样读取HTTP响应，这里有一个从API读取JSON的例子。

import json
from urllib.request import urlopen

with urlopen(url) as f:
    resp = json.load(f)

return resp['some_key']

如果您专门使用HTTP api，还有更方便的选择，如Nap。

例如，以下是如何从2014年5月1日起从Github获得gist:

from nap.url import Url
api = Url('https://api.github.com')

gists = api.join('gists')
response = gists.get(params={'since': '2014-05-01T00:00:00Z'})
print(response.json())

更多例子:https://github.com/kimmobrunfeldt/nap#examples

下面是Python中的wget脚本:

# From python cookbook, 2nd edition, page 487
import sys, urllib

def reporthook(a, b, c):
    print "% 3.1f%% of %d bytes\r" % (min(100, float(a * b) / c * 100), c),
for url in sys.argv[1:]:
    i = url.rfind("/")
    file = url[i+1:]
    print url, "->", file
    urllib.urlretrieve(url, file, reporthook)
print

Theller的wget解决方案非常有用，但是，我发现它并没有打印出整个下载过程中的进度。如果在reporthook中的print语句后添加一行，那就太完美了。

import sys, urllib

def reporthook(a, b, c):
    print "% 3.1f%% of %d bytes\r" % (min(100, float(a * b) / c * 100), c),
    sys.stdout.flush()
for url in sys.argv[1:]:
    i = url.rfind("/")
    file = url[i+1:]
    print url, "->", file
    urllib.urlretrieve(url, file, reporthook)
print

如何也发送头

Python 3:

import urllib.request
contents = urllib.request.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(
    "https://api.github.com/repos/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/releases/latest",
    headers={"Accept" : 'application/vnd.github.full+json"text/html'}
)).read()
print(contents)

Python 2:

import urllib2
contents = urllib2.urlopen(urllib2.Request(
    "https://api.github.com",
    headers={"Accept" : 'application/vnd.github.full+json"text/html'}
)).read()
print(contents)

使用请求库:

import requests
r = requests.get("http://example.com/foo/bar")

然后你可以这样做:

>>> print(r.status_code)
>>> print(r.headers)
>>> print(r.content)  # bytes
>>> print(r.text)     # r.content as str

运行如下命令安装请求:

pip install requests