没有进一步的必要导入，这个解决方案工作(对我来说)-也与https:

try:
    import urllib2 as urlreq # Python 2.x
except:
    import urllib.request as urlreq # Python 3.x
req = urlreq.Request("http://example.com/foo/bar")
req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36')
urlreq.urlopen(req).read()

当没有在头信息中指定“User-Agent”时，我经常很难获取内容。然后通常用类似urllib2的代码取消请求。HTTP错误403:禁止或urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP错误403:禁止。

Python 3:

import urllib.request
contents = urllib.request.urlopen("http://example.com/foo/bar").read()

Python 2:

import urllib2
contents = urllib2.urlopen("http://example.com/foo/bar").read()

urllib的文档。请求并阅读。

如果你想解决方案与httplib2是联机考虑实例化匿名Http对象

import httplib2
resp, content = httplib2.Http().request("http://example.com/foo/bar")

使用强大的urllib3库就足够简单了。

像这样导入:

import urllib3

http = urllib3.PoolManager()

然后提出这样的请求:

response = http.request('GET', 'https://example.com')

print(response.data) # Raw data.
print(response.data.decode('utf-8')) # Text.
print(response.status) # Status code.
print(response.headers['Content-Type']) # Content type.

你也可以添加标题:

response = http.request('GET', 'https://example.com', headers={
    'key1': 'value1',
    'key2': 'value2'
})

更多信息可以在urllib3文档中找到。

Urllib3比内置的urllib更安全，更容易使用。请求或HTTP模块，是稳定的。

下面是Python中的wget脚本:

# From python cookbook, 2nd edition, page 487
import sys, urllib

def reporthook(a, b, c):
    print "% 3.1f%% of %d bytes\r" % (min(100, float(a * b) / c * 100), c),
for url in sys.argv[1:]:
    i = url.rfind("/")
    file = url[i+1:]
    print url, "->", file
    urllib.urlretrieve(url, file, reporthook)
print

如何也发送头

Python 3:

import urllib.request
contents = urllib.request.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(
    "https://api.github.com/repos/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/releases/latest",
    headers={"Accept" : 'application/vnd.github.full+json"text/html'}
)).read()
print(contents)

Python 2:

import urllib2
contents = urllib2.urlopen(urllib2.Request(
    "https://api.github.com",
    headers={"Accept" : 'application/vnd.github.full+json"text/html'}
)).read()
print(contents)