AngularJS中的服务、提供商和工厂之间有什么区别？
当前回答
使用此页面和文档作为参考（自上次查看以来似乎有了很大的改进），我整理了以下真实世界演示，其中使用了提供者的5种风格中的4种；价值、常量、工厂和全面供应商。
HTML格式：
<div ng-controller="mainCtrl as main">
<h1>{{main.title}}*</h1>
<h2>{{main.strapline}}</h2>
<p>Earn {{main.earn}} per click</p>
<p>You've earned {{main.earned}} by clicking!</p>
<button ng-click="main.handleClick()">Click me to earn</button>
<small>* Not actual money</small>
</div>
app
var app = angular.module('angularProviders', []);
// A CONSTANT is not going to change
app.constant('range', 100);
// A VALUE could change, but probably / typically doesn't
app.value('title', 'Earn money by clicking');
app.value('strapline', 'Adventures in ng Providers');
// A simple FACTORY allows us to compute a value @ runtime.
// Furthermore, it can have other dependencies injected into it such
// as our range constant.
app.factory('random', function randomFactory(range) {
// Get a random number within the range defined in our CONSTANT
return Math.random() * range;
});
// A PROVIDER, must return a custom type which implements the functionality
// provided by our service (see what I did there?).
// Here we define the constructor for the custom type the PROVIDER below will
// instantiate and return.
var Money = function(locale) {
// Depending on locale string set during config phase, we'll
// use different symbols and positioning for any values we
// need to display as currency
this.settings = {
uk: {
front: true,
currency: '£',
thousand: ',',
decimal: '.'
},
eu: {
front: false,
currency: '€',
thousand: '.',
decimal: ','
}
};
this.locale = locale;
};
// Return a monetary value with currency symbol and placement, and decimal
// and thousand delimiters according to the locale set in the config phase.
Money.prototype.convertValue = function(value) {
var settings = this.settings[this.locale],
decimalIndex, converted;
converted = this.addThousandSeparator(value.toFixed(2), settings.thousand);
decimalIndex = converted.length - 3;
converted = converted.substr(0, decimalIndex) +
settings.decimal +
converted.substr(decimalIndex + 1);
converted = settings.front ?
settings.currency + converted :
converted + settings.currency;
return converted;
};
// Add supplied thousand separator to supplied value
Money.prototype.addThousandSeparator = function(value, symbol) {
return value.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, symbol);
};
// PROVIDER is the core recipe type - VALUE, CONSTANT, SERVICE & FACTORY
// are all effectively syntactic sugar built on top of the PROVIDER construct
// One of the advantages of the PROVIDER is that we can configure it before the
// application starts (see config below).
app.provider('money', function MoneyProvider() {
var locale;
// Function called by the config to set up the provider
this.setLocale = function(value) {
locale = value;
};
// All providers need to implement a $get method which returns
// an instance of the custom class which constitutes the service
this.$get = function moneyFactory() {
return new Money(locale);
};
});
// We can configure a PROVIDER on application initialisation.
app.config(['moneyProvider', function(moneyProvider) {
moneyProvider.setLocale('uk');
//moneyProvider.setLocale('eu');
}]);
// The ubiquitous controller
app.controller('mainCtrl', function($scope, title, strapline, random, money) {
// Plain old VALUE(s)
this.title = title;
this.strapline = strapline;
this.count = 0;
// Compute values using our money provider
this.earn = money.convertValue(random); // random is computed @ runtime
this.earned = money.convertValue(0);
this.handleClick = function() {
this.count ++;
this.earned = money.convertValue(random * this.count);
};
});
工作演示。
其他回答
JS Fiddle演示
工厂/服务/供应商的“Hello world”示例：
var myApp=角度模块（'myApp'，[]）；//服务风格，可能是最简单的myApp.service（'helloWorldFromService'，函数（）{this.sayHello=函数（）{return“你好，世界！”；};});//工厂风格，更加复杂myApp.factory（'helloWorldFromFactory'，函数（）{返回{sayHello:函数（）{return“你好，世界！”；}};});//提供程序风格、全面、可配置版本myApp.provider（'helloWorld'，函数（）{this.name='默认值'；这一点$get=函数（）{var名称=this.name；返回{sayHello:函数（）{return“您好，”+name+“！”；}}};this.setName=函数（名称）{this.name=名称；};});//嘿，我们可以配置提供者！myApp.config（函数（helloWorldProvider）{helloWorldProvider.setName（'World'）；});函数MyCtrl（$scope、helloWorld、helloWorldFromFactory、helloWorldFromService）{$scope.hellos=[helloWorld.sayHello（），helloWorldFromFactory.sayHello（），helloWorldFromService.sayHello（）]；}<script src=“https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js“></script><body ng app=“myApp”><div ng controller=“MyCtrl”>｛｛hellos｝｝</div></body>
1.服务是在必要时创建的单例对象，在应用程序生命周期结束之前（浏览器关闭时）不会被清理。控制器在不再需要时被销毁和清理。
2.创建服务的最简单方法是使用factory（）方法。factory（）方法允许我们通过返回包含服务函数和服务数据的对象来定义服务。服务定义函数是我们放置可注入服务的地方，例如$http和$q。前任：
angular.module('myApp.services')
.factory('User', function($http) { // injectables go here
var backendUrl = "http://localhost:3000"; var service = {
// our factory definition
user: {},
setName: function(newName) {
service.user['name'] = newName;
},
setEmail: function(newEmail) { service.user['email'] = newEmail;
},
save: function() {
return $http.post(backendUrl + '/users', { user: service.user
}); }
};
return service; });
在我们的应用程序中使用factory（）
在我们的应用程序中使用工厂很容易，因为我们可以在运行时在需要的地方简单地注入工厂。
angular.module('myApp')
.controller('MainController', function($scope, User) {
$scope.saveUser = User.save;
});
另一方面，service（）方法允许我们通过定义构造函数来创建服务。我们可以使用原型对象来定义服务，而不是原始javascript对象。与factory（）方法类似，我们还将在函数定义中设置可注入项。创建服务的最低级方法是使用provide（）方法。这是创建可以使用.config（）函数配置的服务的唯一方法。与前面的to方法不同，我们将在定义的this中设置可注射对象$get（）函数定义。
另外一个澄清是，工厂可以创建函数/原语，而服务不能。看看这个基于Epokk的jsFiddle：http://jsfiddle.net/skeller88/PxdSP/1351/.
工厂返回一个可以调用的函数：
myApp.factory('helloWorldFromFactory', function() {
return function() {
return "Hello, World!";
};
});
工厂还可以返回具有可调用方法的对象：
myApp.factory('helloWorldFromFactory', function() {
return {
sayHello: function() {
return "Hello, World!";
}
};
});
该服务返回一个具有可调用方法的对象：
myApp.service('helloWorldFromService', function() {
this.sayHello = function() {
return "Hello, World!";
};
});
有关详细信息，请参阅我写的关于差异的帖子：http://www.shanemkeller.com/tldr-services-vs-factories-in-angular/
此答案针对主题/问题
Factory、Service和Constant是如何在提供者配方之上添加语法糖的？
OR
工厂、服务和供应商在内部是怎样的
基本上发生的是
当您创建factory（）时，它会将第二个参数中提供的函数设置为provider的$get并返回它（provider（name，｛$get:factoryFn｝）），您所得到的只是provider，但除了$get之外没有其他属性/方法（这意味着您无法配置）
工厂源代码
function factory(name, factoryFn, enforce) {
return provider(name, {
$get: enforce !== false ? enforceReturnValue(name, factoryFn) : factoryFn
});
};
当生成服务（）时，它返回您提供factory（）的函数，该函数注入构造函数（返回您在服务中提供的构造函数的实例）并返回它
服务源代码
function service(name, constructor) {
return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
}]);
};
因此，基本上在这两种情况下，您最终都会将providers$get设置为您提供的函数，但您可以提供$get以外的任何内容，因为您最初可以在provider（）中为config块提供
使用此页面和文档作为参考（自上次查看以来似乎有了很大的改进），我整理了以下真实世界演示，其中使用了提供者的5种风格中的4种；价值、常量、工厂和全面供应商。
HTML格式：
<div ng-controller="mainCtrl as main">
<h1>{{main.title}}*</h1>
<h2>{{main.strapline}}</h2>
<p>Earn {{main.earn}} per click</p>
<p>You've earned {{main.earned}} by clicking!</p>
<button ng-click="main.handleClick()">Click me to earn</button>
<small>* Not actual money</small>
</div>
app
var app = angular.module('angularProviders', []);
// A CONSTANT is not going to change
app.constant('range', 100);
// A VALUE could change, but probably / typically doesn't
app.value('title', 'Earn money by clicking');
app.value('strapline', 'Adventures in ng Providers');
// A simple FACTORY allows us to compute a value @ runtime.
// Furthermore, it can have other dependencies injected into it such
// as our range constant.
app.factory('random', function randomFactory(range) {
// Get a random number within the range defined in our CONSTANT
return Math.random() * range;
});
// A PROVIDER, must return a custom type which implements the functionality
// provided by our service (see what I did there?).
// Here we define the constructor for the custom type the PROVIDER below will
// instantiate and return.
var Money = function(locale) {
// Depending on locale string set during config phase, we'll
// use different symbols and positioning for any values we
// need to display as currency
this.settings = {
uk: {
front: true,
currency: '£',
thousand: ',',
decimal: '.'
},
eu: {
front: false,
currency: '€',
thousand: '.',
decimal: ','
}
};
this.locale = locale;
};
// Return a monetary value with currency symbol and placement, and decimal
// and thousand delimiters according to the locale set in the config phase.
Money.prototype.convertValue = function(value) {
var settings = this.settings[this.locale],
decimalIndex, converted;
converted = this.addThousandSeparator(value.toFixed(2), settings.thousand);
decimalIndex = converted.length - 3;
converted = converted.substr(0, decimalIndex) +
settings.decimal +
converted.substr(decimalIndex + 1);
converted = settings.front ?
settings.currency + converted :
converted + settings.currency;
return converted;
};
// Add supplied thousand separator to supplied value
Money.prototype.addThousandSeparator = function(value, symbol) {
return value.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, symbol);
};
// PROVIDER is the core recipe type - VALUE, CONSTANT, SERVICE & FACTORY
// are all effectively syntactic sugar built on top of the PROVIDER construct
// One of the advantages of the PROVIDER is that we can configure it before the
// application starts (see config below).
app.provider('money', function MoneyProvider() {
var locale;
// Function called by the config to set up the provider
this.setLocale = function(value) {
locale = value;
};
// All providers need to implement a $get method which returns
// an instance of the custom class which constitutes the service
this.$get = function moneyFactory() {
return new Money(locale);
};
});
// We can configure a PROVIDER on application initialisation.
app.config(['moneyProvider', function(moneyProvider) {
moneyProvider.setLocale('uk');
//moneyProvider.setLocale('eu');
}]);
// The ubiquitous controller
app.controller('mainCtrl', function($scope, title, strapline, random, money) {
// Plain old VALUE(s)
this.title = title;
this.strapline = strapline;
this.count = 0;
// Compute values using our money provider
this.earn = money.convertValue(random); // random is computed @ runtime
this.earned = money.convertValue(0);
this.handleClick = function() {
this.count ++;
this.earned = money.convertValue(random * this.count);
};
});
工作演示。
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