AngularJS中的服务、提供商和工厂之间有什么区别?


当前回答

使用此页面和文档作为参考(自上次查看以来似乎有了很大的改进),我整理了以下真实世界演示,其中使用了提供者的5种风格中的4种;价值、常量、工厂和全面供应商。

HTML格式:

<div ng-controller="mainCtrl as main">
    <h1>{{main.title}}*</h1>
    <h2>{{main.strapline}}</h2>
    <p>Earn {{main.earn}} per click</p>
    <p>You've earned {{main.earned}} by clicking!</p>
    <button ng-click="main.handleClick()">Click me to earn</button>
    <small>* Not actual money</small>
</div>

app

var app = angular.module('angularProviders', []);

// A CONSTANT is not going to change
app.constant('range', 100);

// A VALUE could change, but probably / typically doesn't
app.value('title', 'Earn money by clicking');
app.value('strapline', 'Adventures in ng Providers');

// A simple FACTORY allows us to compute a value @ runtime.
// Furthermore, it can have other dependencies injected into it such
// as our range constant.
app.factory('random', function randomFactory(range) {
    // Get a random number within the range defined in our CONSTANT
    return Math.random() * range;
});

// A PROVIDER, must return a custom type which implements the functionality 
// provided by our service (see what I did there?).
// Here we define the constructor for the custom type the PROVIDER below will 
// instantiate and return.
var Money = function(locale) {

    // Depending on locale string set during config phase, we'll
    // use different symbols and positioning for any values we 
    // need to display as currency
    this.settings = {
        uk: {
            front: true,
            currency: '£',
            thousand: ',',
            decimal: '.'
        },
        eu: {
            front: false,
            currency: '€',
            thousand: '.',
            decimal: ','
        }
    };

    this.locale = locale;
};

// Return a monetary value with currency symbol and placement, and decimal 
// and thousand delimiters according to the locale set in the config phase.
Money.prototype.convertValue = function(value) {

    var settings = this.settings[this.locale],
        decimalIndex, converted;

    converted = this.addThousandSeparator(value.toFixed(2), settings.thousand);

    decimalIndex = converted.length - 3;

    converted = converted.substr(0, decimalIndex) +
        settings.decimal +
        converted.substr(decimalIndex + 1);    

    converted = settings.front ?
            settings.currency + converted : 
            converted + settings.currency; 

    return converted;   
};

// Add supplied thousand separator to supplied value
Money.prototype.addThousandSeparator = function(value, symbol) {
   return value.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, symbol);
};

// PROVIDER is the core recipe type - VALUE, CONSTANT, SERVICE & FACTORY
// are all effectively syntactic sugar built on top of the PROVIDER construct
// One of the advantages of the PROVIDER is that we can configure it before the
// application starts (see config below).
app.provider('money', function MoneyProvider() {

    var locale;

    // Function called by the config to set up the provider
    this.setLocale = function(value) {
        locale = value;   
    };

    // All providers need to implement a $get method which returns
    // an instance of the custom class which constitutes the service
    this.$get = function moneyFactory() {
        return new Money(locale);
    };
});

// We can configure a PROVIDER on application initialisation.
app.config(['moneyProvider', function(moneyProvider) {
    moneyProvider.setLocale('uk');
    //moneyProvider.setLocale('eu'); 
}]);

// The ubiquitous controller
app.controller('mainCtrl', function($scope, title, strapline, random, money) {

    // Plain old VALUE(s)
    this.title = title;
    this.strapline = strapline;

    this.count = 0;

    // Compute values using our money provider    
    this.earn = money.convertValue(random); // random is computed @ runtime
    this.earned = money.convertValue(0);

    this.handleClick = function() { 
        this.count ++;
        this.earned = money.convertValue(random * this.count);
    };
});

工作演示。

其他回答

本质上,供应商、工厂和服务都是服务。工厂是服务的一种特殊情况,您只需要一个$get()函数,这样您就可以用更少的代码编写它。

服务、工厂和供应商之间的主要区别在于其复杂性。服务是最简单的形式,工厂更健壮,提供者在运行时可配置。

以下是何时使用每一项的摘要:

工厂:需要根据其他数据计算您提供的值。

服务:您正在返回带有方法的对象。

提供者:您希望能够在配置阶段配置将在创建之前创建的对象。在应用程序完全初始化之前,主要在应用程序配置中使用Provider。

JS Fiddle演示

工厂/服务/供应商的“Hello world”示例:

var myApp=角度模块('myApp',[]);//服务风格,可能是最简单的myApp.service('helloWorldFromService',函数(){this.sayHello=函数(){return“你好,世界!”;};});//工厂风格,更加复杂myApp.factory('helloWorldFromFactory',函数(){返回{sayHello:函数(){return“你好,世界!”;}};});//提供程序风格、全面、可配置版本myApp.provider('helloWorld',函数(){this.name='默认值';这一点$get=函数(){var名称=this.name;返回{sayHello:函数(){return“您好,”+name+“!”;}}};this.setName=函数(名称){this.name=名称;};});//嘿,我们可以配置提供者!myApp.config(函数(helloWorldProvider){helloWorldProvider.setName('World');});函数MyCtrl($scope、helloWorld、helloWorldFromFactory、helloWorldFromService){$scope.hellos=[helloWorld.sayHello(),helloWorldFromFactory.sayHello(),helloWorldFromService.sayHello()];}<script src=“https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js“></script><body ng app=“myApp”><div ng controller=“MyCtrl”>{{hellos}}</div></body>

我的理解很简单。

工厂:您只需在工厂内部创建一个对象并返回它。

服务:

您只需要一个使用此关键字定义函数的标准函数。

供应商:

您定义了一个$get对象,它可以用于获取返回数据的对象。

工厂

如果给AngularJS一个函数,AngularJS将在请求工厂时缓存并注入返回值。

例子:

app.factory('factory', function() {
    var name = '';
    // Return value **is** the object that will be injected
    return {
        name: name;
    }
})

用法:

app.controller('ctrl', function($scope, factory) {
     $scope.name = factory.name;
});

服务

如果给AngularJS一个函数,AngularJS将调用new来实例化它。AngularJS创建的实例将在请求服务时缓存并注入。由于new用于实例化服务,因此关键字this是有效的,并引用实例。

例子:

app.service('service', function() {
     var name = '';
     this.setName = function(newName) {
         name = newName;
     }
     this.getName = function() {
         return name;
     }
});

用法:

app.controller('ctrl', function($scope, service) {
   $scope.name = service.getName();
});

供应商

给AngularJS一个函数,AngularJS将调用它的$get函数。它是$get函数的返回值,将在请求服务时缓存并注入。

提供程序允许您在AngularJS调用$get方法获取可注入对象之前配置提供程序。

例子:

app.provider('provider', function() {
     var name = '';
     this.setName = function(newName) {
          name = newName;
     }
     this.$get = function() {
         return {
            name: name
         }
     }
})

用法(作为控制器中的注射剂)

app.controller('ctrl', function($scope, provider) {
    $scope.name = provider.name;
});

用法(在调用$get以创建可注射对象之前配置提供程序)

app.config(function(providerProvider) {
    providerProvider.setName('John');
});

Angular文档摘要:

有五种配方类型定义了如何创建对象:Value,工厂、服务、供应商和常量。工厂和服务是最常用的配方。它们之间的唯一区别是,Service配方对自定义类型的对象更有效,而Factory可以生成JavaScript原语和函数。提供者配方是核心配方类型,所有其他配方都只是其语法上的糖。提供程序是最复杂的配方类型。除非您正在构建一段需要全局配置的可重用代码,否则您不需要它。


SO的最佳答案:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/26924234/165673(<--良好)https://stackoverflow.com/a/27263882/165673https://stackoverflow.com/a/16566144/165673