AngularJS中的服务、提供商和工厂之间有什么区别？
当前回答
下面是我为AngularjS中的对象工厂设计的一些烧烤代码模板。我用汽车/汽车工厂作为例子来说明。在控制器中生成简单的实现代码。
<script>
angular.module('app', [])
.factory('CarFactory', function() {
/**
* BroilerPlate Object Instance Factory Definition / Example
*/
this.Car = function() {
// initialize instance properties
angular.extend(this, {
color : null,
numberOfDoors : null,
hasFancyRadio : null,
hasLeatherSeats : null
});
// generic setter (with optional default value)
this.set = function(key, value, defaultValue, allowUndefined) {
// by default,
if (typeof allowUndefined === 'undefined') {
// we don't allow setter to accept "undefined" as a value
allowUndefined = false;
}
// if we do not allow undefined values, and..
if (!allowUndefined) {
// if an undefined value was passed in
if (value === undefined) {
// and a default value was specified
if (defaultValue !== undefined) {
// use the specified default value
value = defaultValue;
} else {
// otherwise use the class.prototype.defaults value
value = this.defaults[key];
} // end if/else
} // end if
} // end if
// update
this[key] = value;
// return reference to this object (fluent)
return this;
}; // end this.set()
}; // end this.Car class definition
// instance properties default values
this.Car.prototype.defaults = {
color: 'yellow',
numberOfDoors: 2,
hasLeatherSeats: null,
hasFancyRadio: false
};
// instance factory method / constructor
this.Car.prototype.instance = function(params) {
return new
this.constructor()
.set('color', params.color)
.set('numberOfDoors', params.numberOfDoors)
.set('hasFancyRadio', params.hasFancyRadio)
.set('hasLeatherSeats', params.hasLeatherSeats)
;
};
return new this.Car();
}) // end Factory Definition
.controller('testCtrl', function($scope, CarFactory) {
window.testCtrl = $scope;
// first car, is red, uses class default for:
// numberOfDoors, and hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car1 = CarFactory
.instance({
color: 'red'
})
;
// second car, is blue, has 3 doors,
// uses class default for hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car2 = CarFactory
.instance({
color: 'blue',
numberOfDoors: 3
})
;
// third car, has 4 doors, uses class default for
// color and hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car3 = CarFactory
.instance({
numberOfDoors: 4
})
;
// sets an undefined variable for 'hasFancyRadio',
// explicitly defines "true" as default when value is undefined
$scope.hasFancyRadio = undefined;
$scope.car3.set('hasFancyRadio', $scope.hasFancyRadio, true);
// fourth car, purple, 4 doors,
// uses class default for hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car4 = CarFactory
.instance({
color: 'purple',
numberOfDoors: 4
});
// and then explicitly sets hasLeatherSeats to undefined
$scope.hasLeatherSeats = undefined;
$scope.car4.set('hasLeatherSeats', $scope.hasLeatherSeats, undefined, true);
// in console, type window.testCtrl to see the resulting objects
});
</script>
这里有一个更简单的例子。我使用的是一些第三方库，它们期望“Position”对象显示纬度和经度，但通过不同的对象财产。我不想破解供应商代码，所以我调整了我传递的“位置”对象。
angular.module('app')
.factory('PositionFactory', function() {
/**
* BroilerPlate Object Instance Factory Definition / Example
*/
this.Position = function() {
// initialize instance properties
// (multiple properties to satisfy multiple external interface contracts)
angular.extend(this, {
lat : null,
lon : null,
latitude : null,
longitude : null,
coords: {
latitude: null,
longitude: null
}
});
this.setLatitude = function(latitude) {
this.latitude = latitude;
this.lat = latitude;
this.coords.latitude = latitude;
return this;
};
this.setLongitude = function(longitude) {
this.longitude = longitude;
this.lon = longitude;
this.coords.longitude = longitude;
return this;
};
}; // end class definition
// instance factory method / constructor
this.Position.prototype.instance = function(params) {
return new
this.constructor()
.setLatitude(params.latitude)
.setLongitude(params.longitude)
;
};
return new this.Position();
}) // end Factory Definition
.controller('testCtrl', function($scope, PositionFactory) {
$scope.position1 = PositionFactory.instance({latitude: 39, longitude: 42.3123});
$scope.position2 = PositionFactory.instance({latitude: 39, longitude: 42.3333});
}) // end controller
;
其他回答
此答案针对主题/问题
Factory、Service和Constant是如何在提供者配方之上添加语法糖的？
OR
工厂、服务和供应商在内部是怎样的
基本上发生的是
当您创建factory（）时，它会将第二个参数中提供的函数设置为provider的$get并返回它（provider（name，｛$get:factoryFn｝）），您所得到的只是provider，但除了$get之外没有其他属性/方法（这意味着您无法配置）
工厂源代码
function factory(name, factoryFn, enforce) {
return provider(name, {
$get: enforce !== false ? enforceReturnValue(name, factoryFn) : factoryFn
});
};
当生成服务（）时，它返回您提供factory（）的函数，该函数注入构造函数（返回您在服务中提供的构造函数的实例）并返回它
服务源代码
function service(name, constructor) {
return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
}]);
};
因此，基本上在这两种情况下，您最终都会将providers$get设置为您提供的函数，但您可以提供$get以外的任何内容，因为您最初可以在provider（）中为config块提供
下面是我为AngularjS中的对象工厂设计的一些烧烤代码模板。我用汽车/汽车工厂作为例子来说明。在控制器中生成简单的实现代码。
<script>
angular.module('app', [])
.factory('CarFactory', function() {
/**
* BroilerPlate Object Instance Factory Definition / Example
*/
this.Car = function() {
// initialize instance properties
angular.extend(this, {
color : null,
numberOfDoors : null,
hasFancyRadio : null,
hasLeatherSeats : null
});
// generic setter (with optional default value)
this.set = function(key, value, defaultValue, allowUndefined) {
// by default,
if (typeof allowUndefined === 'undefined') {
// we don't allow setter to accept "undefined" as a value
allowUndefined = false;
}
// if we do not allow undefined values, and..
if (!allowUndefined) {
// if an undefined value was passed in
if (value === undefined) {
// and a default value was specified
if (defaultValue !== undefined) {
// use the specified default value
value = defaultValue;
} else {
// otherwise use the class.prototype.defaults value
value = this.defaults[key];
} // end if/else
} // end if
} // end if
// update
this[key] = value;
// return reference to this object (fluent)
return this;
}; // end this.set()
}; // end this.Car class definition
// instance properties default values
this.Car.prototype.defaults = {
color: 'yellow',
numberOfDoors: 2,
hasLeatherSeats: null,
hasFancyRadio: false
};
// instance factory method / constructor
this.Car.prototype.instance = function(params) {
return new
this.constructor()
.set('color', params.color)
.set('numberOfDoors', params.numberOfDoors)
.set('hasFancyRadio', params.hasFancyRadio)
.set('hasLeatherSeats', params.hasLeatherSeats)
;
};
return new this.Car();
}) // end Factory Definition
.controller('testCtrl', function($scope, CarFactory) {
window.testCtrl = $scope;
// first car, is red, uses class default for:
// numberOfDoors, and hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car1 = CarFactory
.instance({
color: 'red'
})
;
// second car, is blue, has 3 doors,
// uses class default for hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car2 = CarFactory
.instance({
color: 'blue',
numberOfDoors: 3
})
;
// third car, has 4 doors, uses class default for
// color and hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car3 = CarFactory
.instance({
numberOfDoors: 4
})
;
// sets an undefined variable for 'hasFancyRadio',
// explicitly defines "true" as default when value is undefined
$scope.hasFancyRadio = undefined;
$scope.car3.set('hasFancyRadio', $scope.hasFancyRadio, true);
// fourth car, purple, 4 doors,
// uses class default for hasLeatherSeats
$scope.car4 = CarFactory
.instance({
color: 'purple',
numberOfDoors: 4
});
// and then explicitly sets hasLeatherSeats to undefined
$scope.hasLeatherSeats = undefined;
$scope.car4.set('hasLeatherSeats', $scope.hasLeatherSeats, undefined, true);
// in console, type window.testCtrl to see the resulting objects
});
</script>
这里有一个更简单的例子。我使用的是一些第三方库，它们期望“Position”对象显示纬度和经度，但通过不同的对象财产。我不想破解供应商代码，所以我调整了我传递的“位置”对象。
angular.module('app')
.factory('PositionFactory', function() {
/**
* BroilerPlate Object Instance Factory Definition / Example
*/
this.Position = function() {
// initialize instance properties
// (multiple properties to satisfy multiple external interface contracts)
angular.extend(this, {
lat : null,
lon : null,
latitude : null,
longitude : null,
coords: {
latitude: null,
longitude: null
}
});
this.setLatitude = function(latitude) {
this.latitude = latitude;
this.lat = latitude;
this.coords.latitude = latitude;
return this;
};
this.setLongitude = function(longitude) {
this.longitude = longitude;
this.lon = longitude;
this.coords.longitude = longitude;
return this;
};
}; // end class definition
// instance factory method / constructor
this.Position.prototype.instance = function(params) {
return new
this.constructor()
.setLatitude(params.latitude)
.setLongitude(params.longitude)
;
};
return new this.Position();
}) // end Factory Definition
.controller('testCtrl', function($scope, PositionFactory) {
$scope.position1 = PositionFactory.instance({latitude: 39, longitude: 42.3123});
$scope.position2 = PositionFactory.instance({latitude: 39, longitude: 42.3333});
}) // end controller
;
对于新手来说，这是一个非常令人困惑的部分，我试图用简单的语言来解释它
AngularJS服务：用于与控制器中的服务引用共享实用程序函数。服务本质上是单例的，因此对于一个服务，浏览器中只创建一个实例，并且在整个页面中使用相同的引用。
在服务中，我们使用此对象创建函数名作为属性。
AngularJS Factory：Factory的用途也与Service相同，但在本例中，我们创建了一个新对象，并添加函数作为该对象的财产，最后返回该对象。
AngularJS Provider：其目的也是相同的，不过Provider提供了$get函数的输出。
定义和使用服务、工厂和提供商在http://www.dotnetfunda.com/articles/show/3156/difference-between-angularjs-service-factory-and-provider
使用此页面和文档作为参考（自上次查看以来似乎有了很大的改进），我整理了以下真实世界演示，其中使用了提供者的5种风格中的4种；价值、常量、工厂和全面供应商。
HTML格式：
<div ng-controller="mainCtrl as main">
<h1>{{main.title}}*</h1>
<h2>{{main.strapline}}</h2>
<p>Earn {{main.earn}} per click</p>
<p>You've earned {{main.earned}} by clicking!</p>
<button ng-click="main.handleClick()">Click me to earn</button>
<small>* Not actual money</small>
</div>
app
var app = angular.module('angularProviders', []);
// A CONSTANT is not going to change
app.constant('range', 100);
// A VALUE could change, but probably / typically doesn't
app.value('title', 'Earn money by clicking');
app.value('strapline', 'Adventures in ng Providers');
// A simple FACTORY allows us to compute a value @ runtime.
// Furthermore, it can have other dependencies injected into it such
// as our range constant.
app.factory('random', function randomFactory(range) {
// Get a random number within the range defined in our CONSTANT
return Math.random() * range;
});
// A PROVIDER, must return a custom type which implements the functionality
// provided by our service (see what I did there?).
// Here we define the constructor for the custom type the PROVIDER below will
// instantiate and return.
var Money = function(locale) {
// Depending on locale string set during config phase, we'll
// use different symbols and positioning for any values we
// need to display as currency
this.settings = {
uk: {
front: true,
currency: '£',
thousand: ',',
decimal: '.'
},
eu: {
front: false,
currency: '€',
thousand: '.',
decimal: ','
}
};
this.locale = locale;
};
// Return a monetary value with currency symbol and placement, and decimal
// and thousand delimiters according to the locale set in the config phase.
Money.prototype.convertValue = function(value) {
var settings = this.settings[this.locale],
decimalIndex, converted;
converted = this.addThousandSeparator(value.toFixed(2), settings.thousand);
decimalIndex = converted.length - 3;
converted = converted.substr(0, decimalIndex) +
settings.decimal +
converted.substr(decimalIndex + 1);
converted = settings.front ?
settings.currency + converted :
converted + settings.currency;
return converted;
};
// Add supplied thousand separator to supplied value
Money.prototype.addThousandSeparator = function(value, symbol) {
return value.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, symbol);
};
// PROVIDER is the core recipe type - VALUE, CONSTANT, SERVICE & FACTORY
// are all effectively syntactic sugar built on top of the PROVIDER construct
// One of the advantages of the PROVIDER is that we can configure it before the
// application starts (see config below).
app.provider('money', function MoneyProvider() {
var locale;
// Function called by the config to set up the provider
this.setLocale = function(value) {
locale = value;
};
// All providers need to implement a $get method which returns
// an instance of the custom class which constitutes the service
this.$get = function moneyFactory() {
return new Money(locale);
};
});
// We can configure a PROVIDER on application initialisation.
app.config(['moneyProvider', function(moneyProvider) {
moneyProvider.setLocale('uk');
//moneyProvider.setLocale('eu');
}]);
// The ubiquitous controller
app.controller('mainCtrl', function($scope, title, strapline, random, money) {
// Plain old VALUE(s)
this.title = title;
this.strapline = strapline;
this.count = 0;
// Compute values using our money provider
this.earn = money.convertValue(random); // random is computed @ runtime
this.earned = money.convertValue(0);
this.handleClick = function() {
this.count ++;
this.earned = money.convertValue(random * this.count);
};
});
工作演示。
从AngularJS邮件列表中，我得到了一个令人惊叹的线程，它解释了服务与工厂与供应商以及它们的注入用法。编写答案：
服务
语法：module.service（'serviceName'，function）；结果：当将serviceName声明为可注入参数时，将为您提供函数的实例。换句话说，新的FunctionYouPassedToService（）。
工厂
语法：module.factory（'factoryName'，function）；结果：当将factoryName声明为可注入参数时，将提供通过调用传递给module.factory的函数引用返回的值。
提供商
语法：module.provider（'providerName'，function）；结果：当将providerName声明为可注入参数时，将提供（newProviderFunction（））$get（）。在调用$get方法之前实例化构造函数函数-ProviderFunction是传递给module.provider的函数引用。
提供程序的优点是可以在模块配置阶段进行配置。
请参阅此处获取提供的代码。
下面是Misko的进一步解释：
provide.value('a', 123);
function Controller(a) {
expect(a).toEqual(123);
}
在这种情况下，注入器只是按原样返回值。但是如果您想计算该值呢？然后使用工厂
provide.factory('b', function(a) {
return a*2;
});
function Controller(b) {
expect(b).toEqual(246);
}
因此，工厂是一个负责创造价值的职能部门。注意，工厂函数可以要求其他依赖项。
但是，如果你想成为更多的OO，并拥有一个名为Greeter的类呢？
function Greeter(a) {
this.greet = function() {
return 'Hello ' + a;
}
}
然后，要实例化，必须编写
provide.factory('greeter', function(a) {
return new Greeter(a);
});
然后我们可以像这样在控制器中请求“问候者”
function Controller(greeter) {
expect(greeter instanceof Greeter).toBe(true);
expect(greeter.greet()).toEqual('Hello 123');
}
但这太啰嗦了。一个简短的写法是provider.service（“greeter”，greeter）；
但是如果我们想在注入之前配置Greeter类呢？然后我们可以写
provide.provider('greeter2', function() {
var salutation = 'Hello';
this.setSalutation = function(s) {
salutation = s;
}
function Greeter(a) {
this.greet = function() {
return salutation + ' ' + a;
}
}
this.$get = function(a) {
return new Greeter(a);
};
});
然后我们可以这样做：
angular.module('abc', []).config(function(greeter2Provider) {
greeter2Provider.setSalutation('Halo');
});
function Controller(greeter2) {
expect(greeter2.greet()).toEqual('Halo 123');
}
顺便说一句，服务、工厂和价值都来自提供者。
provider.service = function(name, Class) {
provider.provide(name, function() {
this.$get = function($injector) {
return $injector.instantiate(Class);
};
});
}
provider.factory = function(name, factory) {
provider.provide(name, function() {
this.$get = function($injector) {
return $injector.invoke(factory);
};
});
}
provider.value = function(name, value) {
provider.factory(name, function() {
return value;
});
};
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