在控制器中处理异常而无需显式返回ResponseEntity的最简单、最干净的方法是添加@ExceptionHandler方法。

使用Spring Boot 2.0.3.RELEASE的示例片段:

// Prefer static import of HttpStatus constants as it's cleaner IMHO

// Handle with no content returned
@ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
@ResponseStatus(BAD_REQUEST)
void onIllegalArgumentException() {}

// Return 404 when JdbcTemplate does not return a single row
@ExceptionHandler(IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException.class)
@ResponseStatus(NOT_FOUND)
void onIncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException() {}

// Catch all handler with the exception as content
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
@ResponseStatus(I_AM_A_TEAPOT)
@ResponseBody Exception onException(Exception e) {
  return e;
}

题外话:

如果在所有上下文/用法中，matchService.getMatchJson(matchId) == null是无效的，那么我的建议是让getMatchJson抛出一个异常，例如，IllegalArgumentException，而不是返回null，并让它冒泡泡到控制器的@ExceptionHandler。 如果用null来测试其他条件，那么我将有一个特定的方法，例如matchService.hasMatchJson(matchId)。一般来说，我尽可能避免null，以避免意外的NullPointerException。

使用Spring Boot，我不完全确定为什么这是必要的(我得到了/error回退，即使@ResponseBody是在@ExceptionHandler上定义的)，但以下内容本身不起作用:

@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
public ErrorMessage handleIllegalArguments(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, IllegalArgumentException e) {
    log.error("Illegal arguments received.", e);
    ErrorMessage errorMessage = new ErrorMessage();
    errorMessage.code = 400;
    errorMessage.message = e.getMessage();
    return errorMessage;
}

它仍然抛出一个异常，显然是因为没有可生产的媒体类型被定义为request属性:

// AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T value, MethodParameter returnType,
        ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
        throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

    Class<?> valueType = getReturnValueType(value, returnType);
    Type declaredType = getGenericType(returnType);
    HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
    List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
    List<MediaType> producibleMediaTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, declaredType);
if (value != null && producibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("No converter found for return value of type: " + valueType);   // <-- throws
    }

// ....

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected List<MediaType> getProducibleMediaTypes(HttpServletRequest request, Class<?> valueClass, Type declaredType) {
    Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = (Set<MediaType>) request.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);
    if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mediaTypes)) {
        return new ArrayList<MediaType>(mediaTypes);

所以我把它们加了进去。

@ResponseBody
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
public ErrorMessage handleIllegalArguments(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, IllegalArgumentException e) {
    Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = new HashSet<>();
    mediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
    httpServletRequest.setAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE, mediaTypes);
    log.error("Illegal arguments received.", e);
    ErrorMessage errorMessage = new ErrorMessage();
    errorMessage.code = 400;
    errorMessage.message = e.getMessage();
    return errorMessage;
}

这让我通过一个“支持兼容的媒体类型”，但它仍然不起作用，因为我的ErrorMessage是错误的:

public class ErrorMessage {
    int code;

    String message;
}

JacksonMapper没有处理它作为“可转换”，所以我必须添加getter /setter，我还添加了@JsonProperty注释

public class ErrorMessage {
    @JsonProperty("code")
    private int code;

    @JsonProperty("message")
    private String message;

    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(int code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

然后我如愿地收到了我的信息

{"code":400,"message":"An \"url\" parameter must be defined."}

这不是最紧凑的方式，但在我看来很干净:

if(json == null) {
    throw new BadThingException();
}
...

@ExceptionHandler(BadThingException.class)
@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
public @ResponseBody MyError handleException(BadThingException e) {
    return new MyError("That doesn’t work");
}

如果使用Spring 3.1+，您可以在异常处理方法中使用@ResponseBody，否则使用ModelAndView或其他东西。

@ResponseBody不能与@ExceptionHandler [sp -6902] #11567一起工作

最简单的方法是抛出一个ResponseStatusException:

@RequestMapping(value = "/matches/{matchId}", produces = "application/json")
@ResponseBody
public String match(@PathVariable String matchId, @RequestBody String body) {
    String json = matchService.getMatchJson(matchId);
    if (json == null) {
        throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
    }
    return json;
}

这里有一个不同的方法。创建一个带有@ResponseStatus注解的自定义Exception，如下所示。

@ResponseStatus(code = HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, reason = "Not Found")
public class NotFoundException extends Exception {

    public NotFoundException() {
    }
}

需要的时候扔出去。

@RequestMapping(value = "/matches/{matchId}", produces = "application/json")
@ResponseBody
public String match(@PathVariable String matchId) {
    String json = matchService.getMatchJson(matchId);
    if (json == null) {
        throw new NotFoundException();
    }
    return json;
}

使用带有状态代码的自定义响应。

是这样的:

class Response<T>(
    val timestamp: String = DateTimeFormatter
            .ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSSSSS")
            .withZone(ZoneOffset.UTC)
            .format(Instant.now()),
    val code: Int = ResultCode.SUCCESS.code,
    val message: String? = ResultCode.SUCCESS.message,
    val status: HttpStatus = HttpStatus.OK,
    val error: String? = "",
    val token: String? = null,
    val data: T? = null
) : : ResponseEntity<Response.CustomResponseBody>(status) {

data class CustomResponseBody(
    val timestamp: String = DateTimeFormatter
            .ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSSSSS")
            .withZone(ZoneOffset.UTC)
            .format(Instant.now()),
    val code: Int = ResultCode.SUCCESS.code,
    val message: String? = ResultCode.SUCCESS.message,
    val error: String? = "",
    val token: String? = null,
    val data: Any? = null
)

override fun getBody(): CustomResponseBody? = CustomResponseBody(timestamp, code, message, error, token, data)