我在Spring Boot应用程序中使用这个:

@RequestMapping(value = "/matches/{matchId}", produces = "application/json")
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<?> match(@PathVariable String matchId, @RequestBody String body,
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

    Product p;
    try {
      p = service.getProduct(request.getProductId());
    } catch(Exception ex) {
       return new ResponseEntity<String>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
    }

    return new ResponseEntity(p, HttpStatus.OK);
}

这里有一个不同的方法。创建一个带有@ResponseStatus注解的自定义Exception，如下所示。

@ResponseStatus(code = HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, reason = "Not Found")
public class NotFoundException extends Exception {

    public NotFoundException() {
    }
}

需要的时候扔出去。

@RequestMapping(value = "/matches/{matchId}", produces = "application/json")
@ResponseBody
public String match(@PathVariable String matchId) {
    String json = matchService.getMatchJson(matchId);
    if (json == null) {
        throw new NotFoundException();
    }
    return json;
}

将您的返回类型更改为ResponseEntity<>，然后您可以使用下面的400:

return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);

对于正确的请求:

return new ResponseEntity<>(json,HttpStatus.OK);

Spring 4.1之后，ResponseEntity中有了帮助方法，可以用作:

return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(null);

and

return ResponseEntity.ok(json);

另一种方法是使用@ExceptionHandler和@ControllerAdvice将所有处理程序集中在同一个类中。如果不是，则必须将处理程序方法放入希望为其管理异常的每个控制器中。

你的处理程序类:

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {

  @ExceptionHandler(MyBadRequestException.class)
  public ResponseEntity<MyError> handleException(MyBadRequestException e) {
    return ResponseEntity
        .badRequest()
        .body(new MyError(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, e.getDescription()));
  }
}

您的自定义异常:

public class MyBadRequestException extends RuntimeException {

  private String description;

  public MyBadRequestException(String description) {
    this.description = description;
  }

  public String getDescription() {
    return this.description;
  }
}

现在，您可以从任何控制器抛出异常，并且可以在通知类中定义其他处理程序。

这样的方法应该是可行的，但我不确定是否有更简单的方法:

@RequestMapping(value = "/matches/{matchId}", produces = "application/json")
@ResponseBody
public String match(@PathVariable String matchId, @RequestBody String body,
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    String json = matchService.getMatchJson(matchId);
    if (json == null) {
        response.setStatus( HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST  );
    }
    return json;
}

正如在一些回答中提到的，可以为您想要返回的每个HTTP状态创建一个异常类。我不喜欢为每个项目的每个状态创建一个类的想法。这是我想出的替代方案。

创建接受HTTP状态的通用异常 创建一个Controller Advice异常处理程序

让我们来看看代码

package com.javaninja.cam.exception;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;


/**
 * The exception used to return a status and a message to the calling system.
 * @author norrisshelton
 */
@SuppressWarnings("ClassWithoutNoArgConstructor")
public class ResourceException extends RuntimeException {

    private HttpStatus httpStatus = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;

    /**
     * Gets the HTTP status code to be returned to the calling system.
     * @return http status code.  Defaults to HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR (500).
     * @see HttpStatus
     */
    public HttpStatus getHttpStatus() {
        return httpStatus;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified HttpStatus code and detail message.
     * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a call to {@link #initCause}.
     * @param httpStatus the http status.  The detail message is saved for later retrieval by the {@link
     *                   #getHttpStatus()} method.
     * @param message    the detail message. The detail message is saved for later retrieval by the {@link
     *                   #getMessage()} method.
     * @see HttpStatus
     */
    public ResourceException(HttpStatus httpStatus, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.httpStatus = httpStatus;
    }
}

然后我创建一个控制器通知类

package com.javaninja.cam.spring;


import com.javaninja.cam.exception.ResourceException;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;


/**
 * Exception handler advice class for all SpringMVC controllers.
 * @author norrisshelton
 * @see org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice
 */
@org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice
public class ControllerAdvice {

    /**
     * Handles ResourceExceptions for the SpringMVC controllers.
     * @param e SpringMVC controller exception.
     * @return http response entity
     * @see ExceptionHandler
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(ResourceException.class)
    public ResponseEntity handleException(ResourceException e) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(e.getHttpStatus()).body(e.getMessage());
    }
}

使用它

throw new ResourceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "My message");

http://javaninja.net/2016/06/throwing-exceptions-messages-spring-mvc-controller/