对于SQL Server，这个系统存储过程将返回所有表信息，包括列数据类型:

exec sp_help YOURTABLENAME

对于Apache Derby，如下面的答案所示:

select columndatatype from sys.syscolumns
  where referenceid = (
    select tableid from sys.systables
    where tablename = 'YOUR_TABEL_NAME'
    and columnname= 'YOUR_COLUMN_NAME')

下面的SQL脚本在我的结束完美地工作。

SELECT column_name AS 'Column Name',data_type AS 'Data Type' 
FROM information_schema.columns 
WHERE table_name = '[Table Name]'

这同样适用于只选择列名及其各自的字符类型

SELECT COLUMN_NAME ,DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Items';   

使用这个查询

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TABLE_NAME'
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION

使用SQL Server:

SELECT DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE 
     TABLE_SCHEMA = 'yourSchemaName' AND
     TABLE_NAME   = 'yourTableName' AND 
     COLUMN_NAME  = 'yourColumnName'