用谷歌番石榴，分成两行:

import java.util.Map;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;

public class Parser {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        String uri = "https://google.com.ua/oauth/authorize?client_id=SS&response_type=code&scope=N_FULL&access_type=offline&redirect_uri=http://localhost/Callback";
        String query = uri.split("\\?")[1];
        final Map<String, String> map = Splitter.on('&').trimResults().withKeyValueSeparator('=').split(query);
        System.out.println(map);
    }
}

这让你

{client_id=SS, response_type=code, scope=N_FULL, access_type=offline, redirect_uri=http://localhost/Callback}

纯Java 11

给定要分析的URL:

URL url = new URL("https://google.com.ua/oauth/authorize?client_id=SS&response_type=code&scope=N_FULL&access_type=offline&redirect_uri=http://localhost/Callback");

这个解决方案收集了一个对列表:

List<Map.Entry<String, String>> list = Pattern.compile("&")
   .splitAsStream(url.getQuery())
   .map(s -> Arrays.copyOf(s.split("=", 2), 2))
   .map(o -> Map.entry(decode(o[0]), decode(o[1])))
   .collect(Collectors.toList());

另一方面，这个解决方案收集一个映射(假设在url中可以有更多具有相同名称但不同值的参数)。

Map<String, List<String>> list = Pattern.compile("&")
   .splitAsStream(url.getQuery())
   .map(s -> Arrays.copyOf(s.split("=", 2), 2))
   .collect(groupingBy(s -> decode(s[0]), mapping(s -> decode(s[1]), toList())));

这两种解决方案都必须使用实用函数来正确解码参数。

private static String decode(final String encoded) {
    return Optional.ofNullable(encoded)
                   .map(e -> URLDecoder.decode(e, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                   .orElse(null);
}

使用上面提到的注释和解决方案，我存储所有的查询参数使用映射<字符串，对象>对象可以是字符串或集<字符串>。解决方案如下。建议使用某种类型的url验证器先验证url，然后调用convertQueryStringToMap方法。

private static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING_SCHEME = "UTF-8";

public static Map<String, Object> convertQueryStringToMap(String url) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, URISyntaxException {
    List<NameValuePair> params = URLEncodedUtils.parse(new URI(url), DEFAULT_ENCODING_SCHEME);
    Map<String, Object> queryStringMap = new HashMap<>();
    for(NameValuePair param : params){
        queryStringMap.put(param.getName(), handleMultiValuedQueryParam(queryStringMap, param.getName(), param.getValue()));
    }
    return queryStringMap;
}

private static Object handleMultiValuedQueryParam(Map responseMap, String key, String value) {
    if (!responseMap.containsKey(key)) {
        return value.contains(",") ? new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList(value.split(","))) : value;
    } else {
        Set<String> queryValueSet = responseMap.get(key) instanceof Set ? (Set<String>) responseMap.get(key) : new HashSet<String>();
        if (value.contains(",")) {
            queryValueSet.addAll(Arrays.asList(value.split(",")));
        } else {
            queryValueSet.add(value);
        }
        return queryValueSet;
    }
}

当查询只有单个参数定义时，有很多答案可以用于您的查询。在一些应用程序中，处理一些额外的查询参数边缘情况可能是有用的，例如:

如param1&param1=value&param1=等参数值的列表，意味着param1被设置为list。Of (""， "value"， "") 无效的排列，例如querypath?&=&&=noparamname&。 在maps中使用非空字符串a=意味着“a”是List.of(“”)来匹配web servlet处理

它使用一个带有过滤器和groupingBy的流来收集到Map<String, List<String>>:

public static Map<String, List<String>> getParameterValues(URL url) {
    return Arrays.stream(url.getQuery().split("&"))
            .map(s -> s.split("="))
            // filter out empty parameter names (as in Tomcat) "?&=&&=value&":
            .filter(arr -> arr.length > 0 && arr[0].length() > 0)
            .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(arr -> URLDecoder.decode(arr[0], StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
                     // drop this line for not-name definition order Map:
                     LinkedHashMap::new, 
                     Collectors.mapping(arr -> arr.length < 2 ? "" : URLDecoder.decode(arr[1], StandardCharsets.UTF_8), Collectors.toList())));
}

Netty还提供了一个很好的查询字符串解析器，称为QueryStringDecoder。 在一行代码中，它可以解析问题中的URL。 我喜欢它是因为它不需要捕获或抛出java.net.MalformedURLException。

一句话:

Map<String, List<String>> parameters = new QueryStringDecoder(url).parameters();

查看javadocs: https://netty.io/4.1/api/io/netty/handler/codec/http/QueryStringDecoder.html

下面是一个简短的、完整的、正确的例子:

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.QueryStringDecoder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class UrlParse {

  public static void main(String... args) {
    String url = "https://google.com.ua/oauth/authorize?client_id=SS&response_type=code&scope=N_FULL&access_type=offline&redirect_uri=http://localhost/Callback";
    QueryStringDecoder decoder = new QueryStringDecoder(url);
    Map<String, List<String>> parameters = decoder.parameters();
    print(parameters);
  }

  private static void print(final Map<String, List<String>> parameters) {
    System.out.println("NAME               VALUE");
    System.out.println("------------------------");
    parameters.forEach((key, values) ->
        values.forEach(val ->
            System.out.println(StringUtils.rightPad(key, 19) + val)));
  }
}

而产生

NAME               VALUE
------------------------
client_id          SS
response_type      code
scope              N_FULL
access_type        offline
redirect_uri       http://localhost/Callback

一种现成的URI查询部分解码解决方案(包括解码和多参数值)

评论

我对https://stackoverflow.com/a/13592567/1211082中@Pr0gr4mm3r提供的代码不满意。基于流的解决方案不做URLDecoding，可变版本的笨拙。

因此，我阐述了一个解决方案

Can decompose a URI query part into a Map<String, List<Optional<String>>> Can handle multiple values for the same parameter name Can represent parameters without a value properly (Optional.empty() instead of null) Decodes parameter names and values correctly via URLdecode Is based on Java 8 Streams Is directly usable (see code including imports below) Allows for proper error handling (here via turning a checked exception UnsupportedEncodingExceptioninto a runtime exception RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException that allows interplay with stream. (Wrapping regular function into functions throwing checked exceptions is a pain. And Scala Try is not available in the Java language default.)

Java代码

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.*;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;

public class URIParameterDecode {
    /**
     * Decode parameters in query part of a URI into a map from parameter name to its parameter values.
     * For parameters that occur multiple times each value is collected.
     * Proper decoding of the parameters is performed.
     * 
     * Example
     *   <pre>a=1&b=2&c=&a=4</pre>
     * is converted into
     *   <pre>{a=[Optional[1], Optional[4]], b=[Optional[2]], c=[Optional.empty]}</pre>
     * @param query the query part of an URI 
     * @return map of parameters names into a list of their values.
     *         
     */
    public static Map<String, List<Optional<String>>> splitQuery(String query) {
        if (query == null || query.isEmpty()) {
            return Collections.emptyMap();
        }

        return Arrays.stream(query.split("&"))
                    .map(p -> splitQueryParameter(p))
                    .collect(groupingBy(e -> e.get0(), // group by parameter name
                            mapping(e -> e.get1(), toList())));// keep parameter values and assemble into list
    }

    public static Pair<String, Optional<String>> splitQueryParameter(String parameter) {
        final String enc = "UTF-8";
        List<String> keyValue = Arrays.stream(parameter.split("="))
                .map(e -> {
                    try {
                        return URLDecoder.decode(e, enc);
                    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
                        throw new RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException(ex);
                    }
                }).collect(toList());

        if (keyValue.size() == 2) {
            return new Pair(keyValue.get(0), Optional.of(keyValue.get(1)));
        } else {
            return new Pair(keyValue.get(0), Optional.empty());
        }
    }

    /** Runtime exception (instead of checked exception) to denote unsupported enconding */
    public static class RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException extends RuntimeException {
        public RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException(Throwable cause) {
            super(cause);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pair of two elements
     * @param <U> first element
     * @param <V> second element
     */
    public static class Pair<U, V> {
        U a;
        V b;

        public Pair(U u, V v) {
            this.a = u;
            this.b = v;
        }

        public U get0() {
            return a;
        }

        public V get1() {
            return b;
        }
    }
}

Scala代码

．.． 为了完整起见，我忍不住要用Scala提供简洁美观的解决方案

import java.net.URLDecoder

object Decode {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val input = "a=1&b=2&c=&a=4";
    println(separate(input))
  }

  def separate(input: String) : Map[String, List[Option[String]]] = {
    case class Parameter(key: String, value: Option[String])

    def separateParameter(parameter: String) : Parameter =
      parameter.split("=")
               .map(e => URLDecoder.decode(e, "UTF-8")) match {
      case Array(key, value) =>  Parameter(key, Some(value))
      case Array(key) => Parameter(key, None)
    }

    input.split("&").toList
      .map(p => separateParameter(p))
      .groupBy(p => p.key)
      .mapValues(vs => vs.map(p => p.value))
  }
}