JVM:这实际上意味着字节码解释器。它依赖于平台。例如:在Windows平台上，'java.exe'或'javaw.exe'进程是jvm进程。

JDK:是一个包含开发和执行java程序/应用程序所必需的库和实用程序的工具包

JRE: java应用程序的执行环境。即，它只支持运行时依赖，包括JVM编译程序。如果我们想编译一个java程序，我们需要jdk。

JVM is abbreviated as Java Virtual Machine, JVM is the main component of java architecture. JVM is written in C programming language. Java compiler produce the byte code for JVM. JVM reading the byte code verifying the byte code and linking the code with the ibrary. JRE is abbreviated as Java Runtime Environment. it is provide environment at runtime. It is physically exist. It contain JVM + set of libraries(jar) +other files. JDK is abbreviated as Java Development Kit . it is develop java applications. And also Debugging and monitoring java applications . JDK contain JRE +development tools(javac,java)

OpenJDK是sun JDK的开源版本。Oracle JDK是Sun的官方JDK。

JVM

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the virtual machine that runs the Java bytecodes. The JVM doesn't understand Java source code; that's why you need compile your *.java files to obtain *.class files that contain the bytecodes understood by the JVM. It's also the entity that allows Java to be a "portable language" (write once, run anywhere). Indeed, there are specific implementations of the JVM for different systems (Windows, Linux, macOS, see the Wikipedia list), the aim is that with the same bytecodes they all give the same results.

JDK和JRE

要解释JDK和JRE之间的区别，最好是阅读Oracle文档并参考图:

Java Runtime Environment (JRE) The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) provides the libraries, the Java Virtual Machine, and other components to run applets and applications written in the Java programming language. In addition, two key deployment technologies are part of the JRE: Java Plug-in, which enables applets to run in popular browsers; and Java Web Start, which deploys standalone applications over a network. It is also the foundation for the technologies in the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) for enterprise software development and deployment. The JRE does not contain tools and utilities such as compilers or debuggers for developing applets and applications. Java Development Kit (JDK) The JDK is a superset of the JRE, and contains everything that is in the JRE, plus tools such as the compilers and debuggers necessary for developing applets and applications.

注意，Oracle并不是唯一提供jdk的公司。

OpenJDK

OpenJDK是JDK的开源实现，也是Oracle JDK的基础。Oracle JDK和OpenJDK之间几乎没有区别。

区别在这个博客中说明:

Q: What is the difference between the source code found in the OpenJDK repository, and the code you use to build the Oracle JDK? A: It is very close - our build process for Oracle JDK releases builds on OpenJDK 7 by adding just a couple of pieces, like the deployment code, which includes Oracle's implementation of the Java Plugin and Java WebStart, as well as some closed source third party components like a graphics rasterizer, some open source third party components, like Rhino, and a few bits and pieces here and there, like additional documentation or third party fonts. Moving forward, our intent is to open source all pieces of the Oracle JDK except those that we consider commercial features such as JRockit Mission Control (not yet available in Oracle JDK), and replace encumbered third party components with open source alternatives to achieve closer parity between the code bases.

JDK 11的更新

Donald Smith的一篇文章试图消除Oracle JDK和Oracle的OpenJDK之间的差异:https://blogs.oracle.com/java-platform-group/oracle-jdk-releases-for-java-11-and-later

正如@Alan Evangelista在评论中提到的，Java Web Start已被Oracle在Java SE 9中弃用，并在Java SE 11中删除。

JVM:这实际上意味着字节码解释器。它依赖于平台。例如:在Windows平台上，'java.exe'或'javaw.exe'进程是jvm进程。

JDK:是一个包含开发和执行java程序/应用程序所必需的库和实用程序的工具包

JRE: java应用程序的执行环境。即，它只支持运行时依赖，包括JVM编译程序。如果我们想编译一个java程序，我们需要jdk。

JDK (Java Development Kit)

Java开发工具包包含开发Java程序所需的工具，以及运行程序所需的JRE。工具包括编译器(javac.exe)， Java应用程序启动器(Java .exe)， Appletviewer等。

编译器将java代码转换为字节代码。Java应用程序启动器打开JRE，加载类，并调用它的主方法。

如果您想编写自己的程序并编译它们，则需要JDK。对于运行java程序，JRE是足够的。

JRE的目标是执行Java文件

即JRE = JVM + Java包类(如util, math, lang, awt,swing等)+运行时库。

JDK主要针对java开发。也就是说，你可以创建一个Java文件(借助于Java包)，编译一个Java文件并运行一个Java文件。

JRE (Java Runtime Environment)

Java运行时环境包含JVM、类库和其他支持文件。它不包含任何开发工具，如编译器、调试器等。实际上，JVM运行程序，它使用JRE中提供的类库和其他支持文件。如果你想运行任何java程序，你需要在系统中安装JRE

Java虚拟机提供了一种独立于平台的代码执行方式; 这意味着在任何机器上编译一次，并在任何位置(任何机器)运行它。

JVM (Java虚拟机)

正如我们都知道的，当我们编译一个Java文件时，输出不是一个“exe”，而是一个“。class”文件。' .class '文件由JVM可以理解的Java字节代码组成。Java虚拟机根据底层操作系统和硬件组合将字节码解释为机器代码。它负责所有的事情，比如垃圾收集、数组边界检查等等……JVM依赖于平台。

JVM之所以被称为“虚拟的”，是因为它提供了一个不依赖于底层操作系统和机器硬件体系结构的机器接口。这种独立于硬件和操作系统的特性是Java程序“一次编写、随处运行”价值的基石。

有不同的JVM实现。它们可能在性能、可靠性、速度等方面有所不同。这些实现的不同之处在于Java规范没有提到如何实现这些功能，比如垃圾收集过程的工作方式是依赖于JVM的，Java规范没有定义任何具体的方法来做到这一点。

总而言之:

JRE = JVM + Java包(如util, math, lang, awt, swing等)+ 运行时库 JDK = JRE +开发/调试工具

如果你想用java开发，你需要JDK，但如果你只想运行java，你需要JRE。