Java是一种语言，它包含严格的强类型语法。

Java 2平台标准版，也称为J2SE，指的是平台，并包括Java中的类。Lang和java。IO包，等等。它是构建Java应用程序的基础。

Java虚拟机(JVM)是运行已编译Java代码的软件虚拟机。因为编译后的Java代码只是字节码，JVM负责在运行字节码之前将其编译为机器码。(这通常被称为即时编译器或JIT编译器。)JVM还负责内存管理，这样应用程序代码就不必这么做了。

Java开发工具包，或称JDK，过去是，现在仍然是Java开发人员用来创建Java应用程序的软件。它包含一个Java语言编译器、一个文档生成器、用于处理本机代码的工具，以及(通常)用于平台的Java源代码，以启用调试平台类。

Java运行时环境(JRE)过去是，现在仍然是最终用户下载来运行已编译的Java应用程序的软件。它包含一个JVM，但不包含JDK中绑定的任何开发工具。但是，JDK确实包含JRE。

JDK -将java编译为字节码。由调试器，编译器等组成。

javac file.java // Is executed using JDK

JVM——执行字节代码。JVM使java平台独立。但是JVM因平台而异。

JRE - JVM与java运行时库一起执行java程序。

JVM

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the virtual machine that runs the Java bytecodes. The JVM doesn't understand Java source code; that's why you need compile your *.java files to obtain *.class files that contain the bytecodes understood by the JVM. It's also the entity that allows Java to be a "portable language" (write once, run anywhere). Indeed, there are specific implementations of the JVM for different systems (Windows, Linux, macOS, see the Wikipedia list), the aim is that with the same bytecodes they all give the same results.

JDK和JRE

要解释JDK和JRE之间的区别，最好是阅读Oracle文档并参考图:

Java Runtime Environment (JRE) The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) provides the libraries, the Java Virtual Machine, and other components to run applets and applications written in the Java programming language. In addition, two key deployment technologies are part of the JRE: Java Plug-in, which enables applets to run in popular browsers; and Java Web Start, which deploys standalone applications over a network. It is also the foundation for the technologies in the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) for enterprise software development and deployment. The JRE does not contain tools and utilities such as compilers or debuggers for developing applets and applications. Java Development Kit (JDK) The JDK is a superset of the JRE, and contains everything that is in the JRE, plus tools such as the compilers and debuggers necessary for developing applets and applications.

注意，Oracle并不是唯一提供jdk的公司。

OpenJDK

OpenJDK是JDK的开源实现，也是Oracle JDK的基础。Oracle JDK和OpenJDK之间几乎没有区别。

区别在这个博客中说明:

Q: What is the difference between the source code found in the OpenJDK repository, and the code you use to build the Oracle JDK? A: It is very close - our build process for Oracle JDK releases builds on OpenJDK 7 by adding just a couple of pieces, like the deployment code, which includes Oracle's implementation of the Java Plugin and Java WebStart, as well as some closed source third party components like a graphics rasterizer, some open source third party components, like Rhino, and a few bits and pieces here and there, like additional documentation or third party fonts. Moving forward, our intent is to open source all pieces of the Oracle JDK except those that we consider commercial features such as JRockit Mission Control (not yet available in Oracle JDK), and replace encumbered third party components with open source alternatives to achieve closer parity between the code bases.

JDK 11的更新

Donald Smith的一篇文章试图消除Oracle JDK和Oracle的OpenJDK之间的差异:https://blogs.oracle.com/java-platform-group/oracle-jdk-releases-for-java-11-and-later

正如@Alan Evangelista在评论中提到的，Java Web Start已被Oracle在Java SE 9中弃用，并在Java SE 11中删除。

JVM:这实际上意味着字节码解释器。它依赖于平台。例如:在Windows平台上，'java.exe'或'javaw.exe'进程是jvm进程。

JDK:是一个包含开发和执行java程序/应用程序所必需的库和实用程序的工具包

JRE: java应用程序的执行环境。即，它只支持运行时依赖，包括JVM编译程序。如果我们想编译一个java程序，我们需要jdk。

JRE执行应用程序，但JVM逐行读取指令，因此它是解释器。

JDK = JRE +开发工具

JRE = JVM +库类

Java虚拟机(JVM)是可以执行Java字节码的虚拟机。它是Java软件平台的代码执行组件。

Java开发工具包(JDK)是Oracle公司针对Java开发人员的产品。自Java引入以来，它一直是迄今为止使用最广泛的Java软件开发工具包(SDK)。

Java运行时环境，也被称为Java运行时、运行时环境

OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit)是Java编程语言的免费开源实现。这是太阳微系统公司在2006年开始努力的结果。该实现是根据GNU通用公共许可证(GPL)许可的，有一个链接例外。