虽然这里有几个很好的和有用的答案，但我没有找到一个似乎是性能、跨平台和健壮性的正确组合;所以我想分享一下我为我的代码编写的解决方案:

#!/bin/bash

# array_contains "$needle" "${haystack[@]}"
#
# Returns 0 if an item ($1) is contained in an array ($@).
#
# Developer note:
#    The use of a delimiter here leaves something to be desired. The ideal
#    method seems to be to use `grep` with --line-regexp and --null-data, but
#    Mac/BSD grep doesn't support --line-regexp.
function array_contains()
{
    # Extract and remove the needle from $@.
    local needle="$1"
    shift

    # Separates strings in the array for matching. Must be extremely-unlikely
    # to appear in the input array or the needle.
    local delimiter='#!-\8/-!#'

    # Create a string with containing every (delimited) element in the array,
    # and search it for the needle with grep in fixed-string mode.
    if printf "${delimiter}%s${delimiter}" "$@" | \
        grep --fixed-strings --quiet "${delimiter}${needle}${delimiter}"; then
        return 0
    fi

    return 1
}

我有这样的情况，我必须检查一个ID是否包含在另一个脚本/命令生成的ID列表中。 我的工作如下:

# the ID I was looking for
ID=1

# somehow generated list of IDs
LIST=$( <some script that generates lines with IDs> )
# list is curiously concatenated with a single space character
LIST=" $LIST "

# grep for exact match, boundaries are marked as space
# would therefore not reliably work for values containing a space
# return the count with "-c"
ISIN=$(echo $LIST | grep -F " $ID " -c)

# do your check (e. g. 0 for nothing found, everything greater than 0 means found)
if [ ISIN -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "not found"
fi
# etc.

你也可以像这样缩短/压缩它:

if [ $(echo " $( <script call> ) " | grep -F " $ID " -c) -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "not found"
fi

在我的例子中，我正在运行jq来过滤一些JSON的ID列表，然后必须检查我的ID是否在这个列表中，这对我来说是最好的。 它不适用于手动创建的LIST=("1" "2" "4")类型的数组，而是用于换行分隔的脚本输出。

附言:不能评论一个答案，因为我是相对较新的…

有点晚了，但你可以用这个:

#!/bin/bash
# isPicture.sh

FILE=$1
FNAME=$(basename "$FILE") # Filename, without directory
EXT="${FNAME##*.}" # Extension

FORMATS=(jpeg JPEG jpg JPG png PNG gif GIF svg SVG tiff TIFF)

NOEXT=( ${FORMATS[@]/$EXT} ) # Formats without the extension of the input file

# If it is a valid extension, then it should be removed from ${NOEXT},
#+making the lengths inequal.
if ! [ ${#NOEXT[@]} != ${#FORMATS[@]} ]; then
    echo "The extension '"$EXT"' is not a valid image extension."
    exit
fi

回答完之后，我读到了另一个我特别喜欢的答案，但它有缺陷，遭到了不好评。我受到了启发，这里有两种可行的新方法。

array=("word" "two words") # let's look for "two words"

使用grep和printf:

(printf '%s\n' "${array[@]}" | grep -x -q "two words") && <run_your_if_found_command_here>

使用:

(for e in "${array[@]}"; do [[ "$e" == "two words" ]] && exit 0; done; exit 1) && <run_your_if_found_command_here>

对于not_found结果，添加|| <run_your_if_notfound_command_here>

使用参数展开:

如果参数为空或未设置，则什么都没有 替换，否则词的展开就会被替换。

declare -A myarray
myarray[hello]="world"

for i in hello goodbye 123
do
  if [ ${myarray[$i]:+_} ]
  then
    echo ${!myarray[$i]} ${myarray[$i]} 
  else
    printf "there is no %s\n" $i
  fi
done

这是一个小小的贡献:

array=(word "two words" words)  
search_string="two"  
match=$(echo "${array[@]:0}" | grep -o $search_string)  
[[ ! -z $match ]] && echo "found !"  

注意:这种方法不区分大小写“两个单词”，但在问题中不需要这样做。