下面是实现这一点的一个小函数。搜索字符串是第一个参数，其余是数组元素:

set +e #otherwise the script will exit on error
containsElement () {
  local e match="$1"
  shift
  for e; do [[ "$e" == "$match" ]] && return 0; done
  return 1
}

该函数的测试运行如下:

$ array=("something to search for" "a string" "test2000")
$ containsElement "a string" "${array[@]}"
$ echo $?
0
$ containsElement "blaha" "${array[@]}"
$ echo $?
1

如果你需要性能，你不希望每次搜索时都要遍历整个数组。

在这种情况下，您可以创建一个表示该数组索引的关联数组(哈希表或字典)。也就是说，它将每个数组元素映射到它在数组中的索引:

make_index () {
  local index_name=$1
  shift
  local -a value_array=("$@")
  local i
  # -A means associative array, -g means create a global variable:
  declare -g -A ${index_name}
  for i in "${!value_array[@]}"; do
    eval ${index_name}["${value_array[$i]}"]=$i
  done
}

然后你可以这样使用它:

myarray=('a a' 'b b' 'c c')
make_index myarray_index "${myarray[@]}"

并像这样测试成员:

member="b b"
# the "|| echo NOT FOUND" below is needed if you're using "set -e"
test "${myarray_index[$member]}" && echo FOUND || echo NOT FOUND

或者:

if [ "${myarray_index[$member]}" ]; then 
  echo FOUND
fi

请注意，即使在测试值或数组值中存在空格，该解决方案也能正确执行。

作为奖励，您还可以通过以下方式获得数组中值的索引:

echo "<< ${myarray_index[$member]} >> is the index of $member"

借鉴Dennis Williamson的答案，下面的解决方案结合了数组、shell-safe引号和正则表达式，以避免需要:遍历循环;使用管道或其他子过程;或者使用非bash实用程序。

declare -a array=('hello, stack' one 'two words' words last)
printf -v array_str -- ',,%q' "${array[@]}"

if [[ "${array_str},," =~ ,,words,, ]]
then
   echo 'Matches'
else
   echo "Doesn't match"
fi

上面的代码通过使用Bash正则表达式来匹配数组内容的字符串化版本。有六个重要的步骤来确保正则表达式匹配不会被数组中的值的巧妙组合所欺骗:

Construct the comparison string by using Bash's built-in printf shell-quoting, %q. Shell-quoting will ensure that special characters become "shell-safe" by being escaped with backslash \. Choose a special character to serve as a value delimiter. The delimiter HAS to be one of the special characters that will become escaped when using %q; that's the only way to guarantee that values within the array can't be constructed in clever ways to fool the regular expression match. I choose comma , because that character is the safest when eval'd or misused in an otherwise unexpected way. Combine all array elements into a single string, using two instances of the special character to serve as delimiter. Using comma as an example, I used ,,%q as the argument to printf. This is important because two instances of the special character can only appear next to each other when they appear as the delimiter; all other instances of the special character will be escaped. Append two trailing instances of the delimiter to the string, to allow matches against the last element of the array. Thus, instead of comparing against ${array_str}, compare against ${array_str},,. If the target string you're searching for is supplied by a user variable, you must escape all instances of the special character with a backslash. Otherwise, the regular expression match becomes vulnerable to being fooled by cleverly-crafted array elements. Perform a Bash regular expression match against the string.

下面的代码检查给定值是否在数组中，并返回其从零开始的偏移量:

A=("one" "two" "three four")
VALUE="two"

if [[ "$(declare -p A)" =~ '['([0-9]+)']="'$VALUE'"' ]];then
  echo "Found $VALUE at offset ${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
else
  echo "Couldn't find $VALUE"
fi

匹配是在完整的值上完成的，因此设置VALUE="three"将不匹配。

虽然这里有几个很好的和有用的答案，但我没有找到一个似乎是性能、跨平台和健壮性的正确组合;所以我想分享一下我为我的代码编写的解决方案:

#!/bin/bash

# array_contains "$needle" "${haystack[@]}"
#
# Returns 0 if an item ($1) is contained in an array ($@).
#
# Developer note:
#    The use of a delimiter here leaves something to be desired. The ideal
#    method seems to be to use `grep` with --line-regexp and --null-data, but
#    Mac/BSD grep doesn't support --line-regexp.
function array_contains()
{
    # Extract and remove the needle from $@.
    local needle="$1"
    shift

    # Separates strings in the array for matching. Must be extremely-unlikely
    # to appear in the input array or the needle.
    local delimiter='#!-\8/-!#'

    # Create a string with containing every (delimited) element in the array,
    # and search it for the needle with grep in fixed-string mode.
    if printf "${delimiter}%s${delimiter}" "$@" | \
        grep --fixed-strings --quiet "${delimiter}${needle}${delimiter}"; then
        return 0
    fi

    return 1
}

使用参数展开:

如果参数为空或未设置，则什么都没有 替换，否则词的展开就会被替换。

declare -A myarray
myarray[hello]="world"

for i in hello goodbye 123
do
  if [ ${myarray[$i]:+_} ]
  then
    echo ${!myarray[$i]} ${myarray[$i]} 
  else
    printf "there is no %s\n" $i
  fi
done