借鉴Dennis Williamson的答案，下面的解决方案结合了数组、shell-safe引号和正则表达式，以避免需要:遍历循环;使用管道或其他子过程;或者使用非bash实用程序。

declare -a array=('hello, stack' one 'two words' words last)
printf -v array_str -- ',,%q' "${array[@]}"

if [[ "${array_str},," =~ ,,words,, ]]
then
   echo 'Matches'
else
   echo "Doesn't match"
fi

上面的代码通过使用Bash正则表达式来匹配数组内容的字符串化版本。有六个重要的步骤来确保正则表达式匹配不会被数组中的值的巧妙组合所欺骗:

Construct the comparison string by using Bash's built-in printf shell-quoting, %q. Shell-quoting will ensure that special characters become "shell-safe" by being escaped with backslash \. Choose a special character to serve as a value delimiter. The delimiter HAS to be one of the special characters that will become escaped when using %q; that's the only way to guarantee that values within the array can't be constructed in clever ways to fool the regular expression match. I choose comma , because that character is the safest when eval'd or misused in an otherwise unexpected way. Combine all array elements into a single string, using two instances of the special character to serve as delimiter. Using comma as an example, I used ,,%q as the argument to printf. This is important because two instances of the special character can only appear next to each other when they appear as the delimiter; all other instances of the special character will be escaped. Append two trailing instances of the delimiter to the string, to allow matches against the last element of the array. Thus, instead of comparing against ${array_str}, compare against ${array_str},,. If the target string you're searching for is supplied by a user variable, you must escape all instances of the special character with a backslash. Otherwise, the regular expression match becomes vulnerable to being fooled by cleverly-crafted array elements. Perform a Bash regular expression match against the string.

我提出了这个方法，它只能在zsh中工作，但我认为一般方法是不错的。

arr=( "hello world" "find me" "what?" )
if [[ "${arr[@]/#%find me/}" != "${arr[@]}" ]]; then
    echo "found!"
else
    echo "not found!"
fi

只有当${arr[@]/#pattern/}开始或${arr[@]/%pattern/}结束时，才能从每个元素中取出模式。这两个替换可以在bash中工作，但同时${arr[@]/#%pattern/}只能在zsh中工作。

如果修改后的数组等于原始数组，则不包含该元素。

编辑:

这个在bash中工作:

 function contains () {
        local arr=(${@:2})
        local el=$1
        local marr=(${arr[@]/#$el/})
        [[ "${#arr[@]}" != "${#marr[@]}" ]]
    }

在替换之后，它比较两个数组的长度。如果数组包含该元素，则替换将完全删除该元素，并且计数将不同。

我有这样的情况，我必须检查一个ID是否包含在另一个脚本/命令生成的ID列表中。 我的工作如下:

# the ID I was looking for
ID=1

# somehow generated list of IDs
LIST=$( <some script that generates lines with IDs> )
# list is curiously concatenated with a single space character
LIST=" $LIST "

# grep for exact match, boundaries are marked as space
# would therefore not reliably work for values containing a space
# return the count with "-c"
ISIN=$(echo $LIST | grep -F " $ID " -c)

# do your check (e. g. 0 for nothing found, everything greater than 0 means found)
if [ ISIN -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "not found"
fi
# etc.

你也可以像这样缩短/压缩它:

if [ $(echo " $( <script call> ) " | grep -F " $ID " -c) -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "not found"
fi

在我的例子中，我正在运行jq来过滤一些JSON的ID列表，然后必须检查我的ID是否在这个列表中，这对我来说是最好的。 它不适用于手动创建的LIST=("1" "2" "4")类型的数组，而是用于换行分隔的脚本输出。

附言:不能评论一个答案，因为我是相对较新的…

以下是我的看法。

如果可以避免的话，我宁愿不使用bash for循环，因为运行它需要时间。如果有什么东西必须循环，让它是用比shell脚本更低级的语言编写的东西。

function array_contains { # arrayname value
  local -A _arr=()
  local IFS=
  eval _arr=( $(eval printf '[%q]="1"\ ' "\${$1[@]}") )
  return $(( 1 - 0${_arr[$2]} ))
}

这是通过创建一个临时关联数组_arr来实现的，它的索引是从输入数组的值派生出来的。(请注意，关联数组在bash 4及以上版本中可用，因此此函数在bash的早期版本中无效。)我们设置$IFS以避免在空格上分词。

该函数不包含显式循环，不过bash内部会遍历输入数组以填充printf。printf格式使用%q来确保输入数据被转义，这样它们就可以安全地用作数组键。

$ a=("one two" three four)
$ array_contains a three && echo BOOYA
BOOYA
$ array_contains a two && echo FAIL
$

注意，这个函数使用的所有东西都是bash内置的，因此没有外部管道拖您的后腿，即使在命令展开中也是如此。

如果你不喜欢使用eval…你可以自由地使用另一种方法。: -)

这是一个小小的贡献:

array=(word "two words" words)  
search_string="two"  
match=$(echo "${array[@]:0}" | grep -o $search_string)  
[[ ! -z $match ]] && echo "found !"  

注意:这种方法不区分大小写“两个单词”，但在问题中不需要这样做。

使用grep和printf

在新行上格式化每个数组成员，然后grep这些行。

if printf '%s\n' "${array[@]}" | grep -x -q "search string"; then echo true; else echo false; fi

$ array=("word", "two words")
$ if printf '%s\n' "${array[@]}" | grep -x -q "two words"; then echo true; else echo false; fi
true

注意，这对delimeter和空格没有问题。