如果您需要处理不同大小的列表，不用担心!很棒的itertools模块已经介绍过了:

>>> from itertools import zip_longest
>>> list1 = [1,2,1]
>>> list2 = [2,1,2,3]
>>> [sum(x) for x in zip_longest(list1, list2, fillvalue=0)]
[3, 3, 3, 3]
>>>

在Python 2中，zip_longest被称为izip_longest。

参见相关回答，并对另一个问题进行评论。

使用map与lambda函数:

>>> map(lambda x, y: x + y, list1, list2)
[5, 7, 9]

[a + b for a, b in zip(list1, list2)]

a_list = []
b_list = []
for i in range(1,100):
    a_list.append(random.randint(1,100))

for i in range(1,100):
    a_list.append(random.randint(101,200))
[sum(x) for x in zip(a_list , b_list )]

如果您需要处理不同大小的列表，不用担心!很棒的itertools模块已经介绍过了:

>>> from itertools import zip_longest
>>> list1 = [1,2,1]
>>> list2 = [2,1,2,3]
>>> [sum(x) for x in zip_longest(list1, list2, fillvalue=0)]
[3, 3, 3, 3]
>>>

在Python 2中，zip_longest被称为izip_longest。

参见相关回答，并对另一个问题进行评论。

使用map和operator.add:

>>> from operator import add
>>> list( map(add, list1, list2) )
[5, 7, 9]

或者压缩一个列表理解:

>>> [sum(x) for x in zip(list1, list2)]
[5, 7, 9]

时间比较:

>>> list2 = [4, 5, 6]*10**5
>>> list1 = [1, 2, 3]*10**5
>>> %timeit from operator import add;map(add, list1, list2)
10 loops, best of 3: 44.6 ms per loop
>>> %timeit from itertools import izip; [a + b for a, b in izip(list1, list2)]
10 loops, best of 3: 71 ms per loop
>>> %timeit [a + b for a, b in zip(list1, list2)]
10 loops, best of 3: 112 ms per loop
>>> %timeit from itertools import izip;[sum(x) for x in izip(list1, list2)]
1 loops, best of 3: 139 ms per loop
>>> %timeit [sum(x) for x in zip(list1, list2)]
1 loops, best of 3: 177 ms per loop