我想更好地理解其中的区别。我在网上找到了很多解释,但它们都倾向于抽象的差异,而不是实际的含义。

Most of my programming experiences has been with CPython (dynamic, interpreted), and Java (static, compiled). However, I understand that there are other kinds of interpreted and compiled languages. Aside from the fact that executable files can be distributed from programs written in compiled languages, are there any advantages/disadvantages to each type? Oftentimes, I hear people arguing that interpreted languages can be used interactively, but I believe that compiled languages can have interactive implementations as well, correct?


当前回答

简短的(不精确的)定义:

编译语言:将整个程序立即转换为机器代码,然后由CPU运行机器代码。

解释语言:逐行读取程序,一旦读取一行,CPU就会执行该行的机器指令。

但实际上,现在很少有语言是纯编译或纯解释的,它们通常是混合的。想要更详细的图片描述,请看这个帖子:

编译和解释的区别是什么?

或者是我后来的博客:

https://orangejuiceliberationfront.com/the-difference-between-compiler-and-interpreter/

其他回答

解释源代码相对于编译源代码的最大优势是可移植性。

如果你的源代码是编译的,你需要为你的程序运行在不同类型的处理器和/或平台编译不同的可执行文件(例如一个用于Windows x86,一个用于Windows x64,一个用于Linux x64,等等)。此外,除非您的代码完全符合标准,并且不使用任何特定于平台的函数/库,否则您实际上需要编写和维护多个代码库!

如果你的源代码是解释型的,你只需要编写一次,它就可以在任何平台上由合适的解释器解释和执行!它是便携!请注意,解释器本身是为特定平台编写和编译的可执行程序。

编译代码的一个优点是它向最终用户隐藏了源代码(可能是知识产权),因为您部署的不是人类可读的原始源代码,而是一个模糊的二进制可执行文件。

很难给出一个实际的答案,因为差异在于语言定义本身。可以为每一种编译语言构建一个解释器,但不可能为每一种解释语言构建一个编译器。它主要是关于语言的正式定义。所以在大学里没有人喜欢理论信息学。

首先,澄清一下,Java不是完全静态编译和以c++的方式链接的。它被编译成字节码,然后由JVM解释。JVM可以对本机机器语言进行即时编译,但不必这样做。

更重要的是:我认为交互性是主要的实际区别。由于所有内容都是解释的,所以您可以截取一小段代码,解析并根据环境的当前状态运行它。因此,如果您已经执行了初始化变量的代码,则可以访问该变量,等等。它真的很适合函数式风格。

然而,解释成本很高,特别是当您有一个包含大量引用和上下文的大型系统时。根据定义,这是一种浪费,因为相同的代码可能必须解释和优化两次(尽管大多数运行时都为此进行了缓存和优化)。不过,您仍然需要支付运行时成本,并且经常需要运行时环境。您也不太可能看到复杂的过程间优化,因为目前它们的性能还没有充分的交互性。

因此,对于不会有太大变化的大型系统,以及某些语言,更有意义的是预编译和预链接所有内容,做所有可以做的优化。最终会得到一个非常精简的运行时,该运行时已经针对目标机器进行了优化。

至于生成可执行文件,恕我直言,这一点关系不大。通常可以从编译语言创建可执行文件。但是您也可以使用解释语言创建可执行文件,只不过解释器和运行时已经打包在可执行文件中,并且对您隐藏了。这意味着您通常仍然需要支付运行时成本(尽管我确信对于某些语言,有方法将所有内容转换为可执行树)。

我不同意所有的语言都可以互动。某些语言,如C语言,与机器和整个链接结构紧密相连,我不确定您是否能够构建一个有意义的完整的交互式版本

我猜这是计算机科学中最大的误解之一。 因为解释和编译是完全不同的两件事,我们不能用这种方式进行比较。

编译是将一种语言翻译成另一种语言的过程。编译的类型很少。

编译-将高级语言转换为机器/字节代码(例如:C/ c++ /Java) 翻译——将高级语言翻译成另一种高级语言(例如:TypeScript)

解释是实际执行程序的过程。这可能以几种不同的方式发生。

Machine level interpretation - This interpretation happens to the code which is compiled into machine code. Instructions are directly interpreted by the processor. Programming languages like C/C++ generate machine code, which is executable by the processor. So the processor can directly execute these instructions. Virtual machine level interpretation - This interpretation happens to the code which is not compiled into the machine level (processor support) code, but into some intermediate-level code. This execution is done by another software, which is executed by the processor. At this time actually processor doesn't see our application. It just executing the virtual machine, which is executing our application. Programming languages like Java, Python, C# generate a byte code, which is executable by the virtual interpreter/machine.

所以在一天结束的时候,我们必须明白的是,世界上所有的编程语言都应该在某个时候进行解释。它可以由处理器(硬件)或虚拟机完成。

编译只是将我们编写的人类可理解的高级代码带到机器可理解的硬件/软件级别的过程。

这是完全不同的两件事,我们无法比较。但是这些术语非常适合教给初学者编程语言是如何工作的。

PS: Some programming languages like Java have a hybrid approach to do this. First, compile the high-level code into byte code which is virtual-machine readable. And on the fly, a component called the JIT compiler compiles byte-code into machine code. Specifically, code lines that are executed again and again many times are get translated into the machine language, which makes the interpretation process much faster. Because hardware processor is always much faster than virtual interpreter/processor.

Java JIT编译器如何工作

Compile is the process of creating an executable program from code written in a compiled programming language. Compiling allows the computer to run and understand the program without the need of the programming software used to create it. When a program is compiled it is often compiled for a specific platform (e.g. IBM platform) that works with IBM compatible computers, but not other platforms (e.g. Apple platform). The first compiler was developed by Grace Hopper while working on the Harvard Mark I computer. Today, most high-level languages will include their own compiler or have toolkits available that can be used to compile the program. A good example of a compiler used with Java is Eclipse and an example of a compiler used with C and C++ is the gcc command. Depending on how big the program is it should take a few seconds or minutes to compile and if no errors are encountered while being compiled an executable file is created.check this information