在截断表之前，必须删除所有外键。使用此脚本生成最终脚本，以删除和重新创建数据库中的所有外键。请将@action变量设置为“CREATE”或“DROP”。

运行一次注释掉的部分，用希望截断的表填充_TruncateList表，然后运行脚本的其余部分。如果您经常这样做，_ScriptLog表将需要随着时间的推移被清理。

如果你想做所有的表，你可以修改这个，只要把SELECT name放入#TruncateList FROM sys.tables。然而，你通常不想做所有的事情。

此外，这将影响数据库中的所有外键，如果它对您的应用程序太生硬，您也可以修改它。这不是我的目的。

/*
CREATE TABLE _ScriptLog 
(
    ID Int NOT NULL Identity(1,1)
    , DateAdded DateTime2 NOT NULL DEFAULT GetDate()
    , Script NVarChar(4000) NOT NULL
)

CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_ScriptLog_DateAdded_ID_U_C ON _ScriptLog
(
    DateAdded
    , ID
)

CREATE TABLE _TruncateList
(
    TableName SysName PRIMARY KEY
)
*/
IF OBJECT_ID('TempDB..#DropFK') IS NOT NULL BEGIN
    DROP TABLE #DropFK
END

IF OBJECT_ID('TempDB..#TruncateList') IS NOT NULL BEGIN
    DROP TABLE #TruncateList
END

IF OBJECT_ID('TempDB..#CreateFK') IS NOT NULL BEGIN
    DROP TABLE #CreateFK
END

SELECT Scripts = 'ALTER TABLE ' + '[' + OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id)+ ']'+
' DROP  CONSTRAINT ' + '[' + f.name  + ']'
INTO #DropFK
FROM .sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN .sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc
ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id

SELECT TableName
INTO #TruncateList
FROM _TruncateList

SELECT Scripts = 'ALTER TABLE ' + const.parent_obj + '
    ADD CONSTRAINT ' + const.const_name + ' FOREIGN KEY (
            ' + const.parent_col_csv + '
            ) REFERENCES ' + const.ref_obj + '(' + const.ref_col_csv + ')
'
INTO #CreateFK
FROM (
    SELECT QUOTENAME(fk.NAME) AS [const_name]
        ,QUOTENAME(schParent.NAME) + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_name(fkc.parent_object_id)) AS [parent_obj]
        ,STUFF((
                SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(COL_NAME(fcP.parent_object_id, fcp.parent_column_id))
                FROM sys.foreign_key_columns AS fcP
                WHERE fcp.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
                FOR XML path('')
                ), 1, 1, '') AS [parent_col_csv]
        ,QUOTENAME(schRef.NAME) + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(fkc.referenced_object_id)) AS [ref_obj]
        ,STUFF((
                SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(COL_NAME(fcR.referenced_object_id, fcR.referenced_column_id))
                FROM sys.foreign_key_columns AS fcR
                WHERE fcR.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
                FOR XML path('')
                ), 1, 1, '') AS [ref_col_csv]
    FROM sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys AS fk ON fk.object_id = fkc.constraint_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.objects AS oParent ON oParent.object_id = fkc.parent_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS schParent ON schParent.schema_id = oParent.schema_id
    INNER JOIN sys.objects AS oRef ON oRef.object_id = fkc.referenced_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS schRef ON schRef.schema_id = oRef.schema_id
    GROUP BY fkc.parent_object_id
        ,fkc.referenced_object_id
        ,fk.NAME
        ,fk.object_id
        ,schParent.NAME
        ,schRef.NAME
    ) AS const
ORDER BY const.const_name

INSERT INTO _ScriptLog (Script)
SELECT Scripts
FROM #CreateFK

DECLARE @Cmd NVarChar(4000)
    , @TableName SysName

WHILE 0 < (SELECT Count(1) FROM #DropFK) BEGIN
    SELECT TOP 1 @Cmd = Scripts 
    FROM #DropFK

    EXEC (@Cmd)

    DELETE #DropFK WHERE Scripts = @Cmd
END

WHILE 0 < (SELECT Count(1) FROM #TruncateList) BEGIN
    SELECT TOP 1 @Cmd = N'TRUNCATE TABLE ' +  TableName
        , @TableName = TableName
    FROM #TruncateList

    EXEC (@Cmd)

    DELETE #TruncateList WHERE TableName = @TableName
END

WHILE 0 < (SELECT Count(1) FROM #CreateFK) BEGIN
    SELECT TOP 1 @Cmd = Scripts 
    FROM #CreateFK

    EXEC (@Cmd)

    DELETE #CreateFK WHERE Scripts = @Cmd
END

这是一种方法……可能还有其他10种更好/更有效的方法，但这听起来似乎很少有人这样做，所以下面是……

从sysobjects中获取一个表列表，然后用游标遍历这些表，为每次迭代调用sp_execsql('truncate table ' + @table_name)。

对于SQL 2005，

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'TRUNCATE TABLE ?'

2000年和2005/2008年的链接更多。

当处理从具有外键关系的表中删除数据时(这基本上是任何设计良好的数据库的情况)，我们可以禁用所有约束，删除所有数据，然后重新启用约束

-- disable all constraints
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable "ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all"

-- delete data in all tables
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable "DELETE FROM ?"

-- enable all constraints
exec sp_MSForEachTable "ALTER TABLE ? WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT all"

这里有更多关于禁用约束和触发器的信息

如果某些表有标识列，我们可能需要重新播种它们

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable "DBCC CHECKIDENT ( '?', RESEED, 0)"

请注意，RESEED的行为在全新的表和之前从BOL中插入了一些数据的表之间有所不同:

DBCC CHECKIDENT ('table_name', RESEED, newReseedValue) The current identity value is set to the newReseedValue. If no rows have been inserted to the table since it was created, the first row inserted after executing DBCC CHECKIDENT will use newReseedValue as the identity. Otherwise, the next row inserted will use newReseedValue + 1. If the value of newReseedValue is less than the maximum value in the identity column, error message 2627 will be generated on subsequent references to the table.

感谢Robert指出禁用约束不允许使用截断的事实，约束必须被删除，然后重新创建

最简单的方法就是

打开SQL Management Studio 导航到数据库 右键单击并选择任务->生成脚本(pic 1) 在“选择对象”界面，选择“选择特定对象”选项并勾选“表格”(图2) 在下一个屏幕上，选择“高级”，然后将“Script DROP and CREATE”选项更改为“Script DROP and CREATE”(图3) 选择将脚本保存到新的编辑器窗口或文件中，并根据需要运行。

这将为您提供一个删除和重新创建所有表的脚本，而无需担心调试或是否包含了所有内容。虽然这不仅仅执行截断，但结果是相同的。请记住，自动递增的主键将从0开始，而截断的表将记住最后分配的值。如果在PreProd或Production环境中无法访问Management studio，也可以从代码中执行此操作。

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