现在不建议使用setenv。建议使用环境文件。基于@youjin的回答，同时仍然允许功能/分支(用-替换所有/的出现)，我现在使用这个:

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Get branch name (merge)
        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
        shell: bash
        run: echo "BRANCH_NAME=$(echo ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/} | tr / -)" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      - name: Get branch name (pull request)
        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
        shell: bash
        run: echo "BRANCH_NAME=$(echo ${GITHUB_HEAD_REF} | tr / -)" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      - name: Debug
        run: echo ${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}

为了获得delete事件上的ref名称，我最终使用了sed。

on:
  delete:
...
steps:
  - name: Do something
    shell: bash
    run: |
      refname=$(sed -e s:refs/heads/::g -e s:/:-:g <<< ${{ github.event.ref }})

剪掉指针/头/并将斜杠转换为破折号，例如。引用/heads/feature/somefeature到feature-somefeature

我相信GITHUB_REF是唯一包含分支名称的环境变量。

你可以从字符串的其余部分提取分支名称，如下所示:

${GITHUB_REF##*/}

例子:

$ GITHUB_REF=refs/heads/feature-branch-1
$ echo ${GITHUB_REF##*/}
feature-branch-1

更新:添加了一个完整的工作流示例。

工作流

name: CI
on: push
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Git checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v1
      - name: Branch name
        run: echo running on branch ${GITHUB_REF##*/}
      - name: Build
        run: docker build -t tedmiston/tag-example:${GITHUB_REF##*/} .

来源:https://github.com/tedmiston/x/blob/master/.github/workflows/workflow.yml

示例输出-主分支

Run docker build -t tedmiston/tag-example:${GITHUB_REF##*/} .
  docker build -t tedmiston/tag-example:${GITHUB_REF##*/} .
  shell: /bin/bash -e {0}
Sending build context to Docker daemon  146.9kB

Step 1/1 : FROM alpine
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
9d48c3bd43c5: Pulling fs layer
9d48c3bd43c5: Verifying Checksum
9d48c3bd43c5: Download complete
9d48c3bd43c5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:72c42ed48c3a2db31b7dafe17d275b634664a708d901ec9fd57b1529280f01fb
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
 ---> 961769676411
Successfully built 961769676411
Successfully tagged tedmiston/tag-example:master

日志:https://github.com/tedmiston/x/commit/cdcc58a908e41d3d90c39ab3bf6fef1ad2c4238a/checks一步:16

示例输出-非主分支

Run docker build -t tedmiston/tag-example:${GITHUB_REF##*/} .
  docker build -t tedmiston/tag-example:${GITHUB_REF##*/} .
  shell: /bin/bash -e {0}
Sending build context to Docker daemon  144.9kB

Step 1/1 : FROM alpine
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
9d48c3bd43c5: Pulling fs layer
9d48c3bd43c5: Verifying Checksum
9d48c3bd43c5: Download complete
9d48c3bd43c5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:72c42ed48c3a2db31b7dafe17d275b634664a708d901ec9fd57b1529280f01fb
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
 ---> 961769676411
Successfully built 961769676411
Successfully tagged tedmiston/tag-example:branch-name-test

日志:https://github.com/tedmiston/x/commit/4e8d31259f861aaa2c30375756fc081c3659bddf/checks一步:16

有关参数展开语法的更多信息，请参阅这个答案。

作为参考，GitHub Actions的虚拟环境页面列出了执行环境中可用的所有环境变量。

博士TL;

这适用于你可以在on下指定的每个触发器(例如push或pull_request):

env:
 BRANCH_NAME: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }} 

解释

诀窍在于github。head_ref仅在工作流由pull_request触发时设置，并且它包含PR. github的源分支的值。Ref_name只在工作流不是由pull_request触发的情况下使用，而且它也只包含分支名称。

GitHub的文档

来自GitHub官方文档的详细解释:

github。ref_name string触发工作流运行的分支或标记的短引用名称。该值与GitHub上显示的分支或标记名称匹配。例如，feature-branch-1。

github。工作流运行中pull请求的head_ref或源分支。此属性仅在触发工作流运行的事件为pull_request或pull_request_target时可用。

我添加了一个单独的步骤，用于从$GITHUB_REF提取分支名称，并将其设置为步骤输出

- name: Extract branch name
  shell: bash
  run: echo "##[set-output name=branch;]$(echo ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/})"
  id: extract_branch

在那之后，我可以在接下来的步骤中使用它

- name: Push to ECR
  id: ecr
  uses: jwalton/gh-ecr-push@master
  with:
    access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
    secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
    region: us-west-2
    image: eng:${{ steps.extract_branch.outputs.branch }}

下面是一个适用于push和pull_request事件的完整工作流

name: whichBranch
on: [pull_request, push]

jobs:
  which_branch:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Extract branch name on push
        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
        shell: bash
        run: echo "::set-env name=BRANCH_NAME::$(echo ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/})"
        id: extract_branch

      - name: Extract branch name on pull request
        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
        run: echo "::set-env name=BRANCH_NAME::$(echo ${GITHUB_HEAD_REF})"

      - name: Print branch name
        run: echo 'The branch name is' $BRANCH_NAME