当一个字符串被传递给一个带有返回语句的函数时,你如何在JavaScript中反转它,而不使用内置函数(.reverse(), . charat()等)?


当前回答

下面是一个基本的ES6不可变的例子,没有使用Array.prototype.reverse:

//:: reverse = String ->字符串 const reverse = s => []. reduceright .使用实例调用(s, (a, b) => a + b) Console.log (reverse('foo')) // => 'oof' Console.log (reverse('bar')) // => 'rab' Console.log (reverse('foo-bar')) // => ' rabb -oof'

其他回答

如果您对性能和时间复杂度更感兴趣,可以使用此方法。在这个方法中,我将字符串分为两部分,并按照长度/2次循环迭代进行排序。

Let STR = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" 函数反向(str) { Let store = "" 让store2 = "" (让我= str.length / 2, > = 0;我——){ 如果(str.length % 2 ! = = 0) { store += str.charAt(i) str.slice((str.length/2)+1, str.length).charAt(i) 其他}{ += str.charAt(i-1) str.slice((str.length/2), str.length).charAt(i) } } 返回store2 +存储 } console.log(反向(str))

这不是最优的,但我们可以这样想。

没有内置方法?鉴于Javascript中的字符串是不可变的,您可能希望使用内置的方法,如split、join等。但这里有两种不使用这些方法的方法:

function ReverseString(str) {
    var len = str.length;
    var newString = [];

    while (len--) {
        newString.push(str[len]);
    }

    return newString.join('');
}

console.log(ReverseString('amgod')) //dogma

function RecursiveStringReverse(str, len) {
    if (len === undefined)
        len = str.length - 1;

    if (len > 0)
        return str[len] + RecursiveReverse(str, --len);

    return str[len];
}

console.log(RecursiveStringReverse('Hello, world!'))// !dlrow ,olleH

有多种方法,你可以检查下面的,

1. 传统的for循环(递增):

函数reverseString (str) { let stringRev =""; For(令i= 0;我< str.length;我+ +){ stringRev = str[i]+stringRev; } 返回stringRev; } alert (reverseString(“Hello World !”);

2. 传统的for循环(递减):

函数反向字符串(str){ 让 revstr = “”; for(let i = str.length-1, i>=0, i--){ Revstr = Revstr+ str[i]; } 返回修订版; } alert(reverseString(“Hello World!”));

3.使用for-of循环

函数反向字符串(str){ 让 strn =“”; for(let char of str){ strn = char + strn; } 返回 STRN; } alert(reverseString(“Get Well soon”));

4. 使用forEach/高阶数组方法:

函数反向字符串(str){ 让 revSrring = “”; str.split(“”).forEach(function(char){ revSrring = char + revSrring; }); 返回转速Srring; } alert(reverseString(“Learning JavaScript”));

5. ES6标准:

函数反向字符串(str){ 让 revSrring = “”; str.split(“”).forEach(char => revSrring = char + revSrring); 返回转速Srring; } alert(reverseString(“Learning JavaScript”));

6. 最新的方式:

函数反向字符串(str){ return str.split(“”).reduce(function(revString, char){ 返回字符 + revString; }, ""); } alert(reverseString(“Learning JavaScript”));

7. 你也可以用下面的方法得到结果,

函数反向字符串(str){ return str.split(“”).reduce((revString, char)=> char + revString, “”); } alert(reverseString(“Learning JavaScript”));

只要你处理的是简单的ASCII字符,并且你很乐意使用内置函数,这就可以工作:

function reverse(s){
    return s.split("").reverse().join("");
}

如果您需要一个支持UTF-16或其他多字节字符的解决方案,请注意这个函数会给出无效的unicode字符串,或者看起来很滑稽的有效字符串。你可以考虑一下这个答案。

[…s]是Unicode感知的,一个小的编辑给出:-

function reverse(s){
    return [...s].reverse().join("");
}

看来我已经迟到3年了…

不幸的是,正如已经指出的那样,你不能。参见JavaScript字符串是不可变的吗?我需要一个“字符串生成器”在JavaScript?

你能做的下一个最好的事情是创建一个“视图”或“包装器”,它接受一个字符串并重新实现你正在使用的字符串API的任何部分,但假装字符串是反向的。例如:

var identity = function(x){return x};

function LazyString(s) {
    this.original = s;

    this.length = s.length;
    this.start = 0; this.stop = this.length; this.dir = 1; // "virtual" slicing
    // (dir=-1 if reversed)

    this._caseTransform = identity;
}

// syntactic sugar to create new object:
function S(s) {
    return new LazyString(s);
}

//We now implement a `"...".reversed` which toggles a flag which will change our math:

(function(){ // begin anonymous scope
    var x = LazyString.prototype;

    // Addition to the String API
    x.reversed = function() {
        var s = new LazyString(this.original);

        s.start = this.stop - this.dir;
        s.stop = this.start - this.dir;
        s.dir = -1*this.dir;
        s.length = this.length;

        s._caseTransform = this._caseTransform;
        return s;
    }

//We also override string coercion for some extra versatility (not really necessary):

    // OVERRIDE STRING COERCION
    //   - for string concatenation e.g. "abc"+reversed("abc")
    x.toString = function() {
        if (typeof this._realized == 'undefined') {  // cached, to avoid recalculation
            this._realized = this.dir==1 ?
                this.original.slice(this.start,this.stop) : 
                this.original.slice(this.stop+1,this.start+1).split("").reverse().join("");

            this._realized = this._caseTransform.call(this._realized, this._realized);
        }
        return this._realized;
    }

//Now we reimplement the String API by doing some math:

    // String API:

    // Do some math to figure out which character we really want

    x.charAt = function(i) {
        return this.slice(i, i+1).toString();
    }
    x.charCodeAt = function(i) {
        return this.slice(i, i+1).toString().charCodeAt(0);
    }

// Slicing functions:

    x.slice = function(start,stop) {
        // lazy chaining version of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice

        if (stop===undefined)
            stop = this.length;

        var relativeStart = start<0 ? this.length+start : start;
        var relativeStop = stop<0 ? this.length+stop : stop;

        if (relativeStart >= this.length)
            relativeStart = this.length;
        if (relativeStart < 0)
            relativeStart = 0;

        if (relativeStop > this.length)
            relativeStop = this.length;
        if (relativeStop < 0)
            relativeStop = 0;

        if (relativeStop < relativeStart)
            relativeStop = relativeStart;

        var s = new LazyString(this.original);
        s.length = relativeStop - relativeStart;
        s.start = this.start + this.dir*relativeStart;
        s.stop = s.start + this.dir*s.length;
        s.dir = this.dir;

        //console.log([this.start,this.stop,this.dir,this.length], [s.start,s.stop,s.dir,s.length])

        s._caseTransform = this._caseTransform;
        return s;
    }
    x.substring = function() {
        // ...
    }
    x.substr = function() {
        // ...
    }

//Miscellaneous functions:

    // Iterative search

    x.indexOf = function(value) {
        for(var i=0; i<this.length; i++)
            if (value==this.charAt(i))
                return i;
        return -1;
    }
    x.lastIndexOf = function() {
        for(var i=this.length-1; i>=0; i--)
            if (value==this.charAt(i))
                return i;
        return -1;
    }

    // The following functions are too complicated to reimplement easily.
    // Instead just realize the slice and do it the usual non-in-place way.

    x.match = function() {
        var s = this.toString();
        return s.apply(s, arguments);
    }
    x.replace = function() {
        var s = this.toString();
        return s.apply(s, arguments);
    }
    x.search = function() {
        var s = this.toString();
        return s.apply(s, arguments);
    }
    x.split = function() {
        var s = this.toString();
        return s.apply(s, arguments);
    }

// Case transforms:

    x.toLowerCase = function() {
        var s = new LazyString(this.original);
        s._caseTransform = ''.toLowerCase;

        s.start=this.start; s.stop=this.stop; s.dir=this.dir; s.length=this.length;

        return s;
    }
    x.toUpperCase = function() {
        var s = new LazyString(this.original);
        s._caseTransform = ''.toUpperCase;

        s.start=this.start; s.stop=this.stop; s.dir=this.dir; s.length=this.length;

        return s;
    }

})() // end anonymous scope

演示:

> r = S('abcABC')
LazyString
  original: "abcABC"
  __proto__: LazyString

> r.charAt(1);       // doesn't reverse string!!! (good if very long)
"B"

> r.toLowerCase()    // must reverse string, so does so
"cbacba"

> r.toUpperCase()    // string already reversed: no extra work
"CBACBA"

> r + '-demo-' + r   // natural coercion, string already reversed: no extra work
"CBAcba-demo-CBAcba"

最重要的是——下面是用纯数学来完成的,每个角色只访问一次,而且是在必要的时候:

> 'demo: ' + S('0123456789abcdef').slice(3).reversed().slice(1,-1).toUpperCase()
"demo: EDCBA987654"

> S('0123456789ABCDEF').slice(3).reversed().slice(1,-1).toLowerCase().charAt(3)
"b"

如果应用于一个非常大的字符串,如果您只取其中相对较小的部分,则可以节省大量的时间。

Whether this is worth it (over reversing-as-a-copy like in most programming languages) highly depends on your use case and how efficiently you reimplement the string API. For example if all you want is to do string index manipulation, or take small slices or substrs, this will save you space and time. If you're planning on printing large reversed slices or substrings however, the savings may be small indeed, even worse than having done a full copy. Your "reversed" string will also not have the type string, though you might be able to fake this with prototyping.

The above demo implementation creates a new object of type ReversedString. It is prototyped, and therefore fairly efficient, with almost minimal work and minimal space overhead (prototype definitions are shared). It is a lazy implementation involving deferred slicing. Whenever you perform a function like .slice or .reversed, it will perform index mathematics. Finally when you extract data (by implicitly calling .toString() or .charCodeAt(...) or something), it will apply those in a "smart" manner, touching the least data possible.

注意:上面的字符串API是一个例子,可能不能完美地实现。你也可以只使用你需要的1-2个函数。