包含斜杠的路径相对于包含.gitignore文件的目录-通常是存储库的顶层，尽管您也可以将它们放在子目录中。

因此，由于在您给出的所有示例中，路径都包含斜杠，因此两个版本是相同的。唯一需要使用前导斜杠的时候是路径中还没有斜杠的时候。例如，要在存储库的顶层忽略foo，请使用/foo。简单地编写foo将忽略存储库中任何名为foo的东西。

通配符也是多余的。如果你想忽略整个目录，简单地命名它:

lib/model/om

使用通配符的唯一原因是如果你打算随后取消忽略目录中的某些内容:

lib/model/om/*      # ignore everything in the directory
!lib/model/om/foo   # except foo

模式的格式

A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator for readability. A line starting with # serves as a comment. An optional prefix ! which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will override lower precedence patterns sources. If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the purpose of the following description, but it would only find a match with a directory. In other words, foo/ will match a directory foo and paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file or a symbolic link foo (this is consistent with the way how pathspec works in general in git). If the pattern does not contain a slash /, git treats it as a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the pathname relative to the location of the .gitignore file (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a .gitignore file). Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag: wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname. For example, Documentation/*.html matches Documentation/git.html but not Documentation/ppc/ppc.html or tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html. A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname. For example, /*.c matches cat-file.c but not mozilla-sha1/sha1.c.

你可以在这里找到更多

git help gitignore 或 男人吉特诺

第一个。这些文件路径与你的.gitignore文件的位置是相对的。

Android Studio项目的.gitignore文件示例如下所示

# built application files
*.apk
*.ap_

# files for the dex VM
*.dex

# Java class files
*.class

# generated files
bin/
gen/

# Local configuration file (sdk path, etc)
local.properties


#Eclipse
*.pydevproject
.project
.metadata
bin/**
tmp/**
tmp/**/*
*.tmp
*.bak
*.swp
*~.nib
local.properties
.classpath
.settings/
.loadpath
YourProjetcName/.gradle/
YourProjetcName/app/build/
*/YourProjetcName/.gradle/
*/YourProjetcName/app/build/

# External tool builders
.externalToolBuilders/

# Locally stored "Eclipse launch configurations"
*.launch

# CDT-specific
.cproject

# PDT-specific
.buildpath

# Proguard folder generated by Eclipse
proguard/

# Intellij project files
*.iml
*.ipr
*.iws
.idea/
/build
build/
*/build/
*/*/build/
*/*/*/build/
*.bin
*.lock
YourProjetcName/app/build/
.gradle
/local.properties
/.idea/workspace.xml
/.idea/libraries
.DS_Store
.gradle/
app/build/
*app/build/

# Local configuration file (sdk path, etc)
local.properties
/YourProjetcName/build/intermediates/lint-cache/api-versions-6-23.1.bin
appcompat_v7_23_1_1.xml
projectFilesBackup
build.gradle
YourProjetcName.iml
YourProjetcName.iml
gradlew
gradlew.bat
local.properties
settings.gradle
.gradle
.idea
android
build
gradle

如果你想把一个.gitignore文件放在顶层，并使它适用于它下面的任何文件夹，请使用/**/。

例如，忽略所有*。映射/src/main/文件夹和子文件夹中的文件使用:

/src/main/**/*.map

包含斜杠的路径相对于包含.gitignore文件的目录-通常是存储库的顶层，尽管您也可以将它们放在子目录中。

因此，由于在您给出的所有示例中，路径都包含斜杠，因此两个版本是相同的。唯一需要使用前导斜杠的时候是路径中还没有斜杠的时候。例如，要在存储库的顶层忽略foo，请使用/foo。简单地编写foo将忽略存储库中任何名为foo的东西。

通配符也是多余的。如果你想忽略整个目录，简单地命名它:

lib/model/om

使用通配符的唯一原因是如果你打算随后取消忽略目录中的某些内容:

lib/model/om/*      # ignore everything in the directory
!lib/model/om/foo   # except foo