[[ $foo ]]

Or

(( ${#foo} ))

Or

let ${#foo}

Or

declare -p foo

if [[ ${1:+isset} ]]
then echo "It was set and not null." >&2
else echo "It was not set or it was null." >&2
fi

if [[ ${1+isset} ]]
then echo "It was set but might be null." >&2
else echo "It was was not set." >&2
fi

如果未设置，则要退出

这对我很有用。如果没有设置参数，我希望脚本退出并显示错误消息。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -o errexit

# Get the value and empty validation check all in one
VER="${1:?You must pass a version of the format 0.0.0 as the only argument}"

运行时返回错误

peek@peek:~$ ./setver.sh
./setver.sh: line 13: 1: You must pass a version of the format 0.0.0 as the only argument

仅检查，不退出-空和未设置无效

如果您只想检查值set=VALID或unset/empty=INVALID，请尝试此选项。

TSET="good val"
TEMPTY=""
unset TUNSET

if [ "${TSET:-}" ]; then echo "VALID"; else echo "INVALID";fi
# VALID
if [ "${TEMPTY:-}" ]; then echo "VALID"; else echo "INVALID";fi
# INVALID
if [ "${TUNSET:-}" ]; then echo "VALID"; else echo "INVALID";fi
# INVALID

或者，即使是短期测试；-）

[ "${TSET:-}"   ] && echo "VALID" || echo "INVALID"
[ "${TEMPTY:-}" ] && echo "VALID" || echo "INVALID"
[ "${TUNSET:-}" ] && echo "VALID" || echo "INVALID"

仅检查，不退出-仅空为无效

这就是问题的答案。如果您只想检查值set/empty=VALID或unset=INVALID，请使用此选项。

注意，“..-1}”中的“1”无关紧要，它可以是任何东西（比如x）

TSET="good val"
TEMPTY=""
unset TUNSET

if [ "${TSET+1}" ]; then echo "VALID"; else echo "INVALID";fi
# VALID
if [ "${TEMPTY+1}" ]; then echo "VALID"; else echo "INVALID";fi
# VALID
if [ "${TUNSET+1}" ]; then echo "VALID"; else echo "INVALID";fi
# INVALID

短期测试

[ "${TSET+1}"   ] && echo "VALID" || echo "INVALID"
[ "${TEMPTY+1}" ] && echo "VALID" || echo "INVALID"
[ "${TUNSET+1}" ] && echo "VALID" || echo "INVALID"

我把这个答案献给了@mklement0（comments），他要求我准确回答这个问题。

参考：2.6.2参数扩展

有许多方法可以做到这一点，以下是其中之一：

if [ -z "$1" ]

如果$1为空或未设置，则此操作成功。

if [ "$1" != "" ]; then
  echo \$1 is set
else
  echo \$1 is not set
fi

尽管对于参数，通常最好测试$#，我认为这是参数的数量。

if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
  echo \$1 is set
else
  echo \$1 is not set
fi

声明一个简单函数is_set，它使用Declare-p直接测试变量是否存在。

$ is_set() {
    declare -p $1 >/dev/null 2>&1
}

$ is_set foo; echo $?
0

$ declare foo

$ is_set foo; echo $?
1