我如何知道是否在Bash中设置了变量?
例如,如何检查用户是否向函数提供了第一个参数?
function a {
# if $1 is set ?
}
我如何知道是否在Bash中设置了变量?
例如,如何检查用户是否向函数提供了第一个参数?
function a {
# if $1 is set ?
}
当前回答
[[ $foo ]]
Or
(( ${#foo} ))
Or
let ${#foo}
Or
declare -p foo
其他回答
我总是使用这个,因为任何第一次看到代码的人都很容易理解:
if [ "$variable" = "" ]
then
echo "Variable X is empty"
fi
如果要检查是否为空;
if [ ! "$variable" = "" ]
then
echo "Variable X is not empty"
fi
就是这样。
如果您希望测试变量是否绑定或未绑定,即使在启用了nounset选项后,这也能很好地工作:
set -o noun set
if printenv variableName >/dev/null; then
# variable is bound to a value
else
# variable is unbound
fi
if [ "$1" != "" ]; then
echo \$1 is set
else
echo \$1 is not set
fi
尽管对于参数,通常最好测试$#,我认为这是参数的数量。
if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
echo \$1 is set
else
echo \$1 is not set
fi
有许多方法可以做到这一点,以下是其中之一:
if [ -z "$1" ]
如果$1为空或未设置,则此操作成功。
我很惊讶没有人尝试编写一个shell脚本来以编程方式生成这个臭名昭著的难以摸索的表。既然我们在这里试图学习编码技术,为什么不用代码表达答案?:)这是我的看法(应该在任何POSIX shell中都适用):
H="+-%s-+-%s----+-%s----+-%s--+\n" # table divider printf format
R="| %-10s | %-10s | %-10s | %-10s |\n" # table row printf format
S='V' # S is a variable that is set-and-not-null
N='' # N is a variable that is set-but-null (empty "")
unset U # U is a variable that is unset
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
printf "$R" "expression" "FOO='V'" "FOO='' " "unset FOO";
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
printf "$R" "\${FOO:-x}" "${S:-x}" "${N:-x}" "${U:-x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO-x} " "${S-x} " "${N-x} " "${U-x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO:=x}" "${S:=x}" "${N:=x}" "${U:=x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO=x} " "${S=x} " "${N=x} " "${U=x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
# "${N:?x}" "${U:?x} "
printf "$R" "\${FOO:?x}" "${S:?x}" "<error>" "<error> "; S='V';N='';unset U
# "${U?x} "
printf "$R" "\${FOO?x} " "${S?x} " "${N?x} " "<error> "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO:+x}" "${S:+x}" "${N:+x}" "${U:+x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO+x} " "${S+x} " "${N+x} " "${U+x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
以及运行脚本的输出:
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| expression | FOO='V' | FOO='' | unset FOO |
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| ${FOO:-x} | V | x | x |
| ${FOO-x} | V | | x |
| ${FOO:=x} | V | x | x |
| ${FOO=x} | V | | x |
| ${FOO:?x} | V | <error> | <error> |
| ${FOO?x} | V | | <error> |
| ${FOO:+x} | x | | |
| ${FOO+x} | x | x | |
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
该脚本缺少了一些功能,比如在发生(或不发生)副作用分配时显示,但也许其他更有野心的人希望以此为出发点,并以此为出发。