如何在Windows下正常运行SSH-Agent

现有的答案没有一个能使我满意地解决这个问题。下面是微软的建议:

以管理员权限启动powershell控制台:

按Win Win开始菜单，输入powershell，按回车键

将Windows中包含的OpenSSH添加到PATH变量中:

setx PATH "c:/Windows/System32/OpenSSH/;$Env:PATH;" 

关闭powershell终端，打开一个新的。

输入以下命令，确保openssh代理作为服务在后台运行:

# enable automatic start
Get-Service ssh-agent | Set-Service -StartupType Automatic

# start it now
Start-Service ssh-agent

现在服务应该运行，你可以检查通过

Get-Service ssh-agent

将您的私钥加载到ssh-agent中，例如:

ssh-add $env:USERPROFILE/.ssh/id_rsa

来源:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_keymanagement user-key-generation

现在您应该可以使用您的私钥，而不必每次都输入密码。

让我们假设您想使用纯Git Bash解决方案，而不使用TortoiseGit或PuTTY。此外，您也不希望永久存储密码短语，因为它几乎与您在没有密码短语的情况下生成SSH密钥相同。但是您仍然需要使用一些缓存。

出于缓存目的，使用了ssh-agent进程，它包含在Git Bash发行版中。默认情况下，此进程没有启动，因此需要首先启动它。对于要缓存的任何SSH密钥，应该使用SSH -add命令将它们添加到这个进程中，该命令将提示您输入密钥的密码短语并将其存储在内存中。

其他解决方案的缺点:

Auto-launching ssh-agent like in GitHub's article asks for a passphrase right from the start when you launch Git Bash, regardless of whether you'll need to use your SSH key this session or not. If you're working with your local repo today you'll probably want to provide a passphrase only when really needed (e.g. when interacting with a remote repo). If you launch your ssh-agent like in GitLab's article with eval $(ssh-agent -s) you're probably tired of typing that in each time. Chances are, eventually, you've added those two lines to your .bashrc config to auto-launch. Downsides are the same as above plus an extra one: each time you launch a new Git Bash terminal you'll get an extra ssh-agent process (GitHub's bash script checks if that process has already started). Like the two above but especially so when you have separate SSH keys for different hosts, e.g. one for GitHub and another one for GitLab, so providing them all at once is annoying and inconvenient.

因此，这个解决方案是为那些想知道如何让Git Bash在每个Windows会话中只请求一次密码短语并且只在真正需要时才请求密码短语的人准备的。它类似于GnuPG使用default-cache-ttl提交自动签名的密码短语管理行为。

配置SSH，在需要时只使用Git Bash请求一次口令

First, we want to auto-launch the ssh-agent when starting a Git Bash shell. We'll use a modified GitHub's script for that as it checks whether the process has already started, but we don't want it to ssh-add keys right away. This script goes to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile or ~/.bash_profile (~ is your User's home directory like C:\Users\Username – run cd ~ and then pwd for the Git Bash to print it out): ### Start ssh-agent env=~/.ssh/agent.env agent_load_env () { test -f "$env" && . "$env" >| /dev/null ; } agent_start () { (umask 077; ssh-agent >| "$env") # use -t here for timeout . "$env" >| /dev/null ; } agent_load_env # agent_run_state: 0=agent running w/ key; 1=agent w/o key; 2= agent not running agent_run_state=$(ssh-add -l >| /dev/null 2>&1; echo $?) if [ ! "$SSH_AUTH_SOCK" ] || [ $agent_run_state = 2 ]; then agent_start fi unset env Now edit or create a ~/.ssh/config file and add an AddKeysToAgent option for each host stanza you want caching to be turned on (you can also turn it on globally by placing the directive at the beginning of the file before all the host declarations): # GitHub.com Host github.com Preferredauthentications publickey IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_github AddKeysToAgent yes # GitLab.com Host gitlab.com Preferredauthentications publickey IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_gitlab AddKeysToAgent yes From ssh config man page: If this option is set to yes and a key is loaded from a file, the key and its passphrase are added to the agent with the default lifetime, as if by ssh-add(1).

默认的最大生存期是永远，或者直到ssh-agent进程被杀死(可以从任务管理器手动杀死，也可以在PC关闭时杀死)。如果希望使用有限超时，可以使用ssh-agent的-t参数设置它。从上面的第一步更改bash脚本中的行，例如，键缓存生存时间为30分钟:

(umask 077; ssh-agent -t 30m >| "$env")

有关其他时间格式限定符，请参见这里。

如果你在Windows下使用Git bash，你可以执行以下操作:

eval `ssh-agent -s`
ssh-add ~/.ssh/*_rsa

它会在第二个命令中要求传递短语，就是这样。你需要做的每一个额外的操作(曾经需要pass phrase)都不会要求你提供pass phrase(参见下面的屏幕截图中的例子):

窗口: 如果您从@d3r3kk开始执行步骤 如果你还有问题，那就试试这个:

窗口:

删除。bashrc文件 这个文件通常位于C:\Users\myusername

如果您为密钥文件设置了密码，则在连接时始终需要输入该密码。如果你创建了一个无密码密钥，那么你就不必每次都输入它，但是，任何访问你的密钥文件的人现在都可以连接到你的github帐户。

Ssh-agent也可以工作。试着运行它，看看它是否会记住你的密码。

对于任何需要更详细说明的人，请参阅本页: https://docs.github.com/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/working-with-ssh-key-passphrases