PG::ConnectionBad -无法连接到服务器:连接被拒绝

每次我运行rails 4.0服务器时，都会得到这样的输出。

Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-11-06 23:56:36 -0500

PG::ConnectionBad - could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (::1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (fe80::1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
:
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:825:in `connect'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:542:in `initialize'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `postgresql_connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:440:in `new_connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:450:in `checkout_new_connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:421:in `acquire_connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:356:in `block in checkout'
 /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:355:in `checkout'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:265:in `block in connection'
 /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:264:in `connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:546:in `retrieve_connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:79:in `retrieve_connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:53:in `connection'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/migration.rb:792:in `current_version'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/migration.rb:800:in `needs_migration?'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/migration.rb:379:in `check_pending!'
 activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/migration.rb:366:in `call'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:29:in `block in call'
 activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:373:in `_run__1613334440513032208__call__callbacks'
 activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:80:in `run_callbacks'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:64:in `call'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:76:in `call'
 better_errors (0.9.0) lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:84:in `protected_app_call'
 better_errors (0.9.0) lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:79:in `better_errors_call'
 better_errors (0.9.0) lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:56:in `call'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:30:in `call'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:21:in `block in call'
 activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:67:in `block in tagged'
 activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:25:in `tagged'
 activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:67:in `tagged'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:21:in `call'
 quiet_assets (1.0.2) lib/quiet_assets.rb:18:in `call_with_quiet_assets'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:21:in `call'
 rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call'
 rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'
 activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:83:in `call'
 rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/lock.rb:17:in `call'
 actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:64:in `call'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/engine.rb:511:in `call'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/application.rb:97:in `call'
 rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call'
 thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:81:in `block in pre_process'
 thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:79:in `pre_process'
 thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:54:in `process'
 thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:39:in `receive_data'
 eventmachine (1.0.3) lib/eventmachine.rb:187:in `run'
 thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/backends/base.rb:63:in `start'
 thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/server.rb:159:in `start'
 rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/handler/thin.rb:16:in `run'
 rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/server.rb:264:in `start'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/commands/server.rb:84:in `start'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/commands.rb:78:in `block in <top (required)>'
 railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/commands.rb:73:in `<top (required)>'
 bin/rails:4:in `<main>'

我运行的是Mavericks OS X 10.9，所以我不知道这是否是问题所在。我已经尽力了，但似乎都没用。我已经卸载和安装postgres和pg gem多次了。

这是我的数据库。yml文件

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: metals-directory_development
  pool: 5
  username: 
  password: 
  template: template0
  host: localhost
  port: 5432

test: &test
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: metals-directory_test
  pool: 5
  username: 
  password: 
  template: template0
  host: localhost
  port: 5432

staging:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: metals-directory_production
  pool: 5
  username:
  password:
  template: template0
  host: localhost

production:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: metals-directory_production
  pool: 5
  username:
  password:
  template: template0
  host: localhost

cucumber:
  <<: *test

当前回答

对于MacOS，我使用这个:

brew info postgres

而在输出的最末端，我看到:

...
To have launchd start postgresql now and restart at login:
  brew services start postgresql
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres start

所以我只是使用这个命令pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres start和psql begin work。

2020-12-23 07:49:04

其他回答

使用Postgres应用程序的Mac用户可能希望打开该应用程序(重点搜索Postgres或在菜单栏中找到大象图标)。在其中，你可能会看到一个红色的X，上面写着:“过时的邮政局长。pid文件”。不幸的是，聚光灯搜索不会显示该文件的位置。点击“服务器设置…”，在打开的对话框中，点击“显示”按钮，打开数据目录。浏览其中一个文件夹(对我来说是“var-10”)，并删除邮政管理员。pid文件。

回到Postgres应用程序，点击开始按钮。红色的X应该变成带有“运行中”信息的绿色复选标记。现在您应该能够成功地在终端中运行Rails服务器之类的Rails命令了。

2018-04-04 21:15:13

克里斯·斯莱德的回答帮助了我。

我写了一个小脚本来杀死那些剩余的进程，如果有用的话:

kill_postgres() {
  if [[ $* -eq "" ]]; then
    echo "Usage: 'kill_postgres <db_name>' to kill remaining instances (Eg. 'kill_postgres my_app_development')"
  else
    gksudo echo "Granted sudo"
    pids="$(ps xa | grep postgres | grep $* | awk '{print $1}' | xargs)"
    if [[ $pids -eq "" ]]; then
      echo "Nothing to kill"
    else
      for pid in "${pids[@]}"
      do
        echo "Killing ${pid}"
        sudo kill $pid
        echo "Killed ${pid}"
      done
      kill_postgres $*
    fi
  fi
}

2014-04-08 09:06:24

这发生在我升级Postgres后(通过Homebrew)。我从12版升级到13版。

如果是这种情况，尝试运行postgres -D /usr/local/var/postgres并检查输出。在我的情况下，它声明数据库文件与服务器不兼容。

您可能会得到一个postgres错误消息。旧的已经存在

Error: /usr/local/var/postgres.old already exists!

要解决这个问题，只需删除该文件

rm -rf /usr/local/var/postgres.old

修复数据库就像运行:

brew postgresql-upgrade-database

2021-03-14 23:02:39

你的系统中安装了postgresql吗?如果没有，请观看安装postgresql。在你成功地将postgresql集成到你的系统中之后，你可以在你的系统终端中输入如下内容:

which psql
#=> /usr/bin/psql

之后，你需要在postgresql中创建一个用户和数据库，如下所示:

sudo su - postgres
psql

然后，您可以在终端中看到以下内容

postgres=#

类型:

CREATE USER yourname WITH PASSWORD 'passwordhere';
CREATE DATABASE metals-directory_production  WITH OWNER yourname;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE metals-directory_production TO yourname;

完成此操作后，您需要更正database.yml。也许你需要这样的东西:

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: metals-directory_development
  pool: 5
  username: yourname
  password: passwordhere   ### password you have specified within psql
  host: localhost
  port: 5432               ### you can configure it in file postgresql.conf

另外，如果你在postgresql上有问题，检查pg_hba.conf也是个好主意

2013-11-07 06:45:08

我尝试了上面所有的答案，但对我不起作用。

在我的情况下，当我在/usr/local/var/log/postgres.log上检查日志时。这很好，没有错误。但我可以看到它正在监听我的本地IPV6地址，它是“::1”

在我的数据库中。事情是这样的

host:     <%= ENV['POSTGRESQL_ADDON_HOST'] || '127.0.0.1' %>

我把它改成

host:     <%= ENV['POSTGRESQL_ADDON_HOST'] || 'localhost' %>

然后就成功了

2020-11-23 09:31:35

PG::ConnectionBad -无法连接到服务器:连接被拒绝

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