我今天遇到了这个问题，想分享我的解决方案。在我的例子中，解决方案是在从数据库中获取Parent之前删除Child项。

以前我是这样做的代码如下。然后我将得到这个问题中列出的相同错误。

var Parent = GetParent(parentId);
var children = Parent.Children;
foreach (var c in children )
{
     Context.Children.Remove(c);
}
Context.SaveChanges();

对我来说，有效的方法是先获取子项，使用parentId(外键)，然后删除这些项。然后我可以从数据库中获取父元素，在这一点上，它应该不再有任何子元素，我可以添加新的子元素。

var children = GetChildren(parentId);
foreach (var c in children )
{
     Context.Children.Remove(c);
}
Context.SaveChanges();

var Parent = GetParent(parentId);
Parent.Children = //assign new entities/items here

你必须手动清除ChildItems集合，并在其中添加新项目:

thisParent.ChildItems.Clear();
thisParent.ChildItems.AddRange(modifiedParent.ChildItems);

之后，您可以调用DeleteOrphans扩展方法，它将处理孤立的实体(它必须在DetectChanges和SaveChanges方法之间调用)。

public static class DbContextExtensions
{
    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary< EntityType, ReadOnlyDictionary< string, NavigationProperty>> s_navPropMappings = new ConcurrentDictionary< EntityType, ReadOnlyDictionary< string, NavigationProperty>>();

    public static void DeleteOrphans( this DbContext source )
    {
        var context = ((IObjectContextAdapter)source).ObjectContext;
        foreach (var entry in context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntries(EntityState.Modified))
        {
            var entityType = entry.EntitySet.ElementType as EntityType;
            if (entityType == null)
                continue;

            var navPropMap = s_navPropMappings.GetOrAdd(entityType, CreateNavigationPropertyMap);
            var props = entry.GetModifiedProperties().ToArray();
            foreach (var prop in props)
            {
                NavigationProperty navProp;
                if (!navPropMap.TryGetValue(prop, out navProp))
                    continue;

                var related = entry.RelationshipManager.GetRelatedEnd(navProp.RelationshipType.FullName, navProp.ToEndMember.Name);
                var enumerator = related.GetEnumerator();
                if (enumerator.MoveNext() && enumerator.Current != null)
                    continue;

                entry.Delete();
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static ReadOnlyDictionary<string, NavigationProperty> CreateNavigationPropertyMap( EntityType type )
    {
        var result = type.NavigationProperties
            .Where(v => v.FromEndMember.RelationshipMultiplicity == RelationshipMultiplicity.Many)
            .Where(v => v.ToEndMember.RelationshipMultiplicity == RelationshipMultiplicity.One || (v.ToEndMember.RelationshipMultiplicity == RelationshipMultiplicity.ZeroOrOne && v.FromEndMember.GetEntityType() == v.ToEndMember.GetEntityType()))
            .Select(v => new { NavigationProperty = v, DependentProperties = v.GetDependentProperties().Take(2).ToArray() })
            .Where(v => v.DependentProperties.Length == 1)
            .ToDictionary(v => v.DependentProperties[0].Name, v => v.NavigationProperty);

        return new ReadOnlyDictionary<string, NavigationProperty>(result);
    }
}

我有同样的问题，当我试图修改目标实体的标量属性，并意识到我不小心引用了目标实体的父:

entity.GetDbContextFromEntity().Entry(entity).Reference(i => i.ParentEntity).Query().Where(p => p.ID == 1).Load();

只是一个建议，确保目标实体不引用任何父对象。

当我要删除我的记录时，我也遇到了同样的问题，因为这个问题的解决方案是，当你要删除你的记录时，你在删除头/主记录之前丢失了一些东西，你必须写代码在头/主记录之前删除它的细节，我希望你的问题会得到解决。

我在几个小时前遇到过这个问题，并尝试了所有方法，但在我的情况下，解决方案与上面列出的不同。

如果你使用已经从数据库检索实体，并试图修改它的孩子的错误将发生，但如果你从数据库获得实体的新副本，不应该有任何问题。 不要用这个:

 public void CheckUsersCount(CompanyProduct companyProduct) 
 {
     companyProduct.Name = "Test";
 }

用这个:

 public void CheckUsersCount(Guid companyProductId)
 {
      CompanyProduct companyProduct = CompanyProductManager.Get(companyProductId);
      companyProduct.Name = "Test";
 }

You should delete old child items thisParent.ChildItems one by one manually. Entity Framework doesn't do that for you. It finally cannot decide what you want to do with the old child items - if you want to throw them away or if you want to keep and assign them to other parent entities. You must tell Entity Framework your decision. But one of these two decisions you HAVE to make since the child entities cannot live alone without a reference to any parent in the database (due to the foreign key constraint). That's basically what the exception says.

Edit

如果子项目可以添加，更新和删除，我会做什么:

public void UpdateEntity(ParentItem parent)
{
    // Load original parent including the child item collection
    var originalParent = _dbContext.ParentItems
        .Where(p => p.ID == parent.ID)
        .Include(p => p.ChildItems)
        .SingleOrDefault();
    // We assume that the parent is still in the DB and don't check for null

    // Update scalar properties of parent,
    // can be omitted if we don't expect changes of the scalar properties
    var parentEntry = _dbContext.Entry(originalParent);
    parentEntry.CurrentValues.SetValues(parent);

    foreach (var childItem in parent.ChildItems)
    {
        var originalChildItem = originalParent.ChildItems
            .Where(c => c.ID == childItem.ID && c.ID != 0)
            .SingleOrDefault();
        // Is original child item with same ID in DB?
        if (originalChildItem != null)
        {
            // Yes -> Update scalar properties of child item
            var childEntry = _dbContext.Entry(originalChildItem);
            childEntry.CurrentValues.SetValues(childItem);
        }
        else
        {
            // No -> It's a new child item -> Insert
            childItem.ID = 0;
            originalParent.ChildItems.Add(childItem);
        }
    }

    // Don't consider the child items we have just added above.
    // (We need to make a copy of the list by using .ToList() because
    // _dbContext.ChildItems.Remove in this loop does not only delete
    // from the context but also from the child collection. Without making
    // the copy we would modify the collection we are just interating
    // through - which is forbidden and would lead to an exception.)
    foreach (var originalChildItem in
                 originalParent.ChildItems.Where(c => c.ID != 0).ToList())
    {
        // Are there child items in the DB which are NOT in the
        // new child item collection anymore?
        if (!parent.ChildItems.Any(c => c.ID == originalChildItem.ID))
            // Yes -> It's a deleted child item -> Delete
            _dbContext.ChildItems.Remove(originalChildItem);
    }

    _dbContext.SaveChanges();
}

注意:这不是测试。它假设子项集合的类型是ICollection。(我通常有IList，然后代码看起来有点不同。)为了保持简单，我还去掉了所有存储库抽象。

我不知道这是否是一个好的解决方案，但我相信必须按照这些思路做一些艰苦的工作，以处理导航集合中的各种更改。我也很乐意看到一种更简单的方法。