您之所以会遇到这种情况，是因为组合和聚合之间存在差异。

在复合中，创建父对象时创建子对象，销毁父对象时销毁子对象。所以它的生命周期是由父节点控制的。例:一篇博客文章及其评论。如果一个帖子被删除，它的评论也应该被删除。对一篇不存在的文章发表评论是没有意义的。订单和订单项目也是如此。

在聚合中，子对象可以不考虑父对象而存在。如果父对象被销毁，子对象仍然可以存在，因为以后它可能被添加到不同的父对象。例如:播放列表和该播放列表中的歌曲之间的关系。如果播放列表被删除，歌曲不应该被删除。它们可能被添加到不同的播放列表中。

实体框架区分聚合和组合关系的方式如下:

对于复合:它期望子对象有一个复合主键(ParentID, ChildID)。这是通过设计来实现的，因为孩子的id应该在他们父母的范围内。 对于聚合:它期望子对象中的外键属性为空。

So, the reason you're having this issue is because of how you've set your primary key in your child table. It should be composite, but it's not. So, Entity Framework sees this association as aggregation, which means, when you remove or clear the child objects, it's not going to delete the child records. It'll simply remove the association and sets the corresponding foreign key column to NULL (so those child records can later be associated with a different parent). Since your column does not allow NULL, you get the exception you mentioned.

解决方案:

1-如果你有强烈的理由不想使用复合键，你需要显式地删除子对象。这可以比之前建议的解决方案更简单:

context.Children.RemoveRange(parent.Children);

2-否则，通过在你的子表上设置正确的主键，你的代码看起来会更有意义:

parent.Children.Clear();

我尝试过这些方法和其他方法，但没有一个很有效。由于这是谷歌上的第一个答案，我将在这里添加我的解。

对我来说很有效的方法是在提交期间将关系排除在外，这样EF就不会搞砸了。我通过在DBContext中重新找到父对象并删除它来做到这一点。因为重新找到的对象的导航属性都是空的，所以在提交过程中会忽略子对象的关系。

var toDelete = db.Parents.Find(parentObject.ID);
db.Parents.Remove(toDelete);
db.SaveChanges();

注意，这里假设外键设置为ON DELETE CASCADE，所以当父行被删除时，子行将被数据库清除。

You should delete old child items thisParent.ChildItems one by one manually. Entity Framework doesn't do that for you. It finally cannot decide what you want to do with the old child items - if you want to throw them away or if you want to keep and assign them to other parent entities. You must tell Entity Framework your decision. But one of these two decisions you HAVE to make since the child entities cannot live alone without a reference to any parent in the database (due to the foreign key constraint). That's basically what the exception says.

Edit

如果子项目可以添加，更新和删除，我会做什么:

public void UpdateEntity(ParentItem parent)
{
    // Load original parent including the child item collection
    var originalParent = _dbContext.ParentItems
        .Where(p => p.ID == parent.ID)
        .Include(p => p.ChildItems)
        .SingleOrDefault();
    // We assume that the parent is still in the DB and don't check for null

    // Update scalar properties of parent,
    // can be omitted if we don't expect changes of the scalar properties
    var parentEntry = _dbContext.Entry(originalParent);
    parentEntry.CurrentValues.SetValues(parent);

    foreach (var childItem in parent.ChildItems)
    {
        var originalChildItem = originalParent.ChildItems
            .Where(c => c.ID == childItem.ID && c.ID != 0)
            .SingleOrDefault();
        // Is original child item with same ID in DB?
        if (originalChildItem != null)
        {
            // Yes -> Update scalar properties of child item
            var childEntry = _dbContext.Entry(originalChildItem);
            childEntry.CurrentValues.SetValues(childItem);
        }
        else
        {
            // No -> It's a new child item -> Insert
            childItem.ID = 0;
            originalParent.ChildItems.Add(childItem);
        }
    }

    // Don't consider the child items we have just added above.
    // (We need to make a copy of the list by using .ToList() because
    // _dbContext.ChildItems.Remove in this loop does not only delete
    // from the context but also from the child collection. Without making
    // the copy we would modify the collection we are just interating
    // through - which is forbidden and would lead to an exception.)
    foreach (var originalChildItem in
                 originalParent.ChildItems.Where(c => c.ID != 0).ToList())
    {
        // Are there child items in the DB which are NOT in the
        // new child item collection anymore?
        if (!parent.ChildItems.Any(c => c.ID == originalChildItem.ID))
            // Yes -> It's a deleted child item -> Delete
            _dbContext.ChildItems.Remove(originalChildItem);
    }

    _dbContext.SaveChanges();
}

注意:这不是测试。它假设子项集合的类型是ICollection。(我通常有IList，然后代码看起来有点不同。)为了保持简单，我还去掉了所有存储库抽象。

我不知道这是否是一个好的解决方案，但我相信必须按照这些思路做一些艰苦的工作，以处理导航集合中的各种更改。我也很乐意看到一种更简单的方法。

这是一个很大的问题。在你的代码中实际发生的是这样的:

从数据库加载Parent并获得附加实体 您用分离的子集合替换它的子集合 您保存更改，但在此操作期间，所有的子元素都被认为是添加的，因为EF直到此时才知道它们。因此EF尝试将null设置为旧子节点的外键，并插入所有新的子节点=>重复行。

解决方法取决于你想做什么以及你想怎么做?

如果您正在使用ASP。NET MVC你可以尝试使用UpdateModel或TryUpdateModel。

如果你只是想手动更新现有的子程序，你可以简单地这样做:

foreach (var child in modifiedParent.ChildItems)
{
    context.Childs.Attach(child); 
    context.Entry(child).State = EntityState.Modified;
}

context.SaveChanges();

附加实际上是不需要的(将状态设置为Modified也将附加实体)，但我喜欢它，因为它使过程更加明显。

如果你想修改现有的，删除现有的和插入新的子元素，你必须这样做:

var parent = context.Parents.GetById(1); // Make sure that childs are loaded as well
foreach(var child in modifiedParent.ChildItems)
{
    var attachedChild = FindChild(parent, child.Id);
    if (attachedChild != null)
    {
        // Existing child - apply new values
        context.Entry(attachedChild).CurrentValues.SetValues(child);
    }
    else
    {
        // New child
        // Don't insert original object. It will attach whole detached graph
        parent.ChildItems.Add(child.Clone());
    }
}

// Now you must delete all entities present in parent.ChildItems but missing
// in modifiedParent.ChildItems
// ToList should make copy of the collection because we can't modify collection
// iterated by foreach
foreach(var child in parent.ChildItems.ToList())
{
    var detachedChild = FindChild(modifiedParent, child.Id);
    if (detachedChild == null)
    {
        parent.ChildItems.Remove(child);
        context.Childs.Remove(child); 
    }
}

context.SaveChanges();

使用slaa的解决方案，我创建了一些通用函数来帮助更新子对象和子对象的集合。

我的所有持久对象都实现了这个接口

/// <summary>
/// Base interface for all persisted entries
/// </summary>
public interface IBase
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The Id
    /// </summary>
    int Id { get; set; }
}

这样我就在我的存储库中实现了这两个函数

    /// <summary>
    /// Check if orgEntry is set update it's values, otherwise add it
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="set">The collection</param>
    /// <param name="entry">The entry</param>
    /// <param name="orgEntry">The original entry found in the database (can be <code>null</code> is this is a new entry)</param>
    /// <returns>The added or updated entry</returns>
    public T AddOrUpdateEntry<T>(DbSet<T> set, T entry, T orgEntry) where T : class, IBase
    {
        if (entry.Id == 0 || orgEntry == null)
        {
            entry.Id = 0;
            return set.Add(entry);
        }
        else
        {
            Context.Entry(orgEntry).CurrentValues.SetValues(entry);
            return orgEntry;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// check if each entry of the new list was in the orginal list, if found, update it, if not found add it
    /// all entries found in the orignal list that are not in the new list are removed
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of entry</typeparam>
    /// <param name="set">The database set</param>
    /// <param name="newList">The new list</param>
    /// <param name="orgList">The original list</param>
    public void AddOrUpdateCollection<T>(DbSet<T> set, ICollection<T> newList, ICollection<T> orgList) where T : class, IBase
    {
        // attach or update all entries in the new list
        foreach (T entry in newList)
        {
            // Find out if we had the entry already in the list
            var orgEntry = orgList.SingleOrDefault(e => e.Id != 0 && e.Id == entry.Id);

            AddOrUpdateEntry(set, entry, orgEntry);
        }

        // Remove all entries from the original list that are no longer in the new list
        foreach (T orgEntry in orgList.Where(e => e.Id != 0).ToList())
        {
            if (!newList.Any(e => e.Id == orgEntry.Id))
            {
                set.Remove(orgEntry);
            }
        }
    }

要使用它，我做以下工作:

var originalParent = _dbContext.ParentItems
    .Where(p => p.Id == parent.Id)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems2)
    .SingleOrDefault();

// Add the parent (including collections) to the context or update it's values (except the collections)
originalParent = AddOrUpdateEntry(_dbContext.ParentItems, parent, originalParent);

// Update each collection
AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems, parent.ChildItems, orgiginalParent.ChildItems);
AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems2, parent.ChildItems2, orgiginalParent.ChildItems2);

希望这能有所帮助

额外:你也可以创建一个单独的DbContextExtentions(或者你自己的context inferface)类:

public static void DbContextExtentions {
    /// <summary>
    /// Check if orgEntry is set update it's values, otherwise add it
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="_dbContext">The context object</param>
    /// <param name="set">The collection</param>
    /// <param name="entry">The entry</param>
    /// <param name="orgEntry">The original entry found in the database (can be <code>null</code> is this is a new entry)</param>
    /// <returns>The added or updated entry</returns>
    public static T AddOrUpdateEntry<T>(this DbContext _dbContext, DbSet<T> set, T entry, T orgEntry) where T : class, IBase
    {
        if (entry.IsNew || orgEntry == null) // New or not found in context
        {
            entry.Id = 0;
            return set.Add(entry);
        }
        else
        {
            _dbContext.Entry(orgEntry).CurrentValues.SetValues(entry);
            return orgEntry;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// check if each entry of the new list was in the orginal list, if found, update it, if not found add it
    /// all entries found in the orignal list that are not in the new list are removed
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of entry</typeparam>
    /// <param name="_dbContext">The context object</param>
    /// <param name="set">The database set</param>
    /// <param name="newList">The new list</param>
    /// <param name="orgList">The original list</param>
    public static void AddOrUpdateCollection<T>(this DbContext _dbContext, DbSet<T> set, ICollection<T> newList, ICollection<T> orgList) where T : class, IBase
    {
        // attach or update all entries in the new list
        foreach (T entry in newList)
        {
            // Find out if we had the entry already in the list
            var orgEntry = orgList.SingleOrDefault(e => e.Id != 0 && e.Id == entry.Id);

            AddOrUpdateEntry(_dbContext, set, entry, orgEntry);
        }

        // Remove all entries from the original list that are no longer in the new list
        foreach (T orgEntry in orgList.Where(e => e.Id != 0).ToList())
        {
            if (!newList.Any(e => e.Id == orgEntry.Id))
            {
                set.Remove(orgEntry);
            }
        }
    }
}

像这样使用它:

var originalParent = _dbContext.ParentItems
    .Where(p => p.Id == parent.Id)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems2)
    .SingleOrDefault();

// Add the parent (including collections) to the context or update it's values (except the collections)
originalParent = _dbContext.AddOrUpdateEntry(_dbContext.ParentItems, parent, originalParent);

// Update each collection
_dbContext.AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems, parent.ChildItems, orgiginalParent.ChildItems);
_dbContext.AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems2, parent.ChildItems2, orgiginalParent.ChildItems2);

如果你在同一个类上使用AutoMapper和实体框架，你可能会遇到这个问题。例如，如果你的类是

class A
{
    public ClassB ClassB { get; set; }
    public int ClassBId { get; set; }
}

AutoMapper.Map<A, A>(input, destination);

这将尝试复制两个属性。在这种情况下，ClassBId是非空的。因为AutoMapper将复制目标。ClassB = input.ClassB;这将导致一个问题。

将您的AutoMapper设置为Ignore ClassB属性。

 cfg.CreateMap<A, A>()
     .ForMember(m => m.ClassB, opt => opt.Ignore()); // We use the ClassBId