使用此选项可删除所有内容：

docker system prune -a --volumes

删除所有未使用的容器、卷、网络和映像

WARNING! This will remove:
    - all stopped containers
    - all networks not used by at least one container
    - all volumes not used by at least one container
    - all images without at least one container associated to them
    - all build cache

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/system_prune/#extended-说明

如果需要在不调用docker的情况下删除：

rm -rf /var/lib/docker

这将直接从文件系统中删除所有docker映像/容器/卷。

docker image prune -a

删除所有未使用的图像，而不仅仅是悬挂的图像。将-f选项添加到武力

本地docker版本：17.09.0-ce，Gitcommit:afdb6d4，OS/Arch:darwin/amd64

$ docker image prune -h
Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help

Usage:  docker image prune [OPTIONS]

Remove unused images

Options:
  -a, --all             Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones
      --filter filter   Provide filter values (e.g. 'until=<timestamp>')
  -f, --force           Do not prompt for confirmation
      --help            Print usage

使用此选项可删除所有内容：

docker system prune -a --volumes

删除所有未使用的容器、卷、网络和映像

WARNING! This will remove:
    - all stopped containers
    - all networks not used by at least one container
    - all volumes not used by at least one container
    - all images without at least one container associated to them
    - all build cache

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/system_prune/#extended-说明

docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)

您可以这样尝试：

docker system prune