我有一个shell脚本与这段代码:
var=`hg st -R "$path"`
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
echo $var
fi
但是条件代码总是执行，因为hg st总是打印至少一个换行符。
是否有一个简单的方法从$var中剥离空白(如PHP中的trim())?
or
有没有处理这个问题的标准方法?
我可以使用sed或AWK，但我认为有一个更优雅的解决方案来解决这个问题。
当前回答
在BASH中有几个不同的选项:
line=${line##+([[:space:]])} # strip leading whitespace; no quote expansion!
line=${line%%+([[:space:]])} # strip trailing whitespace; no quote expansion!
line=${line//[[:space:]]/} # strip all whitespace
line=${line//[[:space:]]/} # strip all whitespace
line=${line//[[:blank:]]/} # strip all blank space
前两个需要预先设置/启用extglob:
shopt -s extglob # bash only
注意:引号内的变量展开打破了前两个例子!
这里详细介绍了POSIX括号表达式的模式匹配行为。如果您正在使用更现代/可黑客的shell，例如Fish，则有用于字符串修剪的内置函数。
其他回答
我总是用sed来做
var=`hg st -R "$path" | sed -e 's/ *$//'`
如果有更优雅的解决方案，我希望有人能发布出来。
这是我见过的最简单的方法。它只使用Bash，只有几行，regexp很简单，它匹配所有形式的空白:
if [[ "$test" =~ ^[[:space:]]*([^[:space:]].*[^[:space:]])[[:space:]]*$ ]]
then
test=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
fi
下面是一个用于测试的示例脚本:
test=$(echo -e "\n \t Spaces and tabs and newlines be gone! \t \n ")
echo "Let's see if this works:"
echo
echo "----------"
echo -e "Testing:${test} :Tested" # Ugh!
echo "----------"
echo
echo "Ugh! Let's fix that..."
if [[ "$test" =~ ^[[:space:]]*([^[:space:]].*[^[:space:]])[[:space:]]*$ ]]
then
test=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
fi
echo
echo "----------"
echo -e "Testing:${test}:Tested" # "Testing:Spaces and tabs and newlines be gone!"
echo "----------"
echo
echo "Ah, much better."
答案有很多，但我仍然认为我刚刚写的剧本值得一提，因为:
it was successfully tested in the shells bash/dash/busybox shell it is extremely small it doesn't depend on external commands and doesn't need to fork (->fast and low resource usage) it works as expected: it strips all spaces and tabs from beginning and end, but not more important: it doesn't remove anything from the middle of the string (many other answers do), even newlines will remain special: the "$*" joins multiple arguments using one space. if you want to trim & output only the first argument, use "$1" instead if doesn't have any problems with matching file name patterns etc
脚本:
trim() {
local s2 s="$*"
until s2="${s#[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
until s2="${s%[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
echo "$s"
}
用法:
mystring=" here is
something "
mystring=$(trim "$mystring")
echo ">$mystring<"
输出:
>here is
something<
# Trim whitespace from both ends of specified parameter
trim () {
read -rd '' $1 <<<"${!1}"
}
# Unit test for trim()
test_trim () {
local foo="$1"
trim foo
test "$foo" = "$2"
}
test_trim hey hey &&
test_trim ' hey' hey &&
test_trim 'ho ' ho &&
test_trim 'hey ho' 'hey ho' &&
test_trim ' hey ho ' 'hey ho' &&
test_trim $'\n\n\t hey\n\t ho \t\n' $'hey\n\t ho' &&
test_trim $'\n' '' &&
test_trim '\n' '\n' &&
echo passed
虽然它不是严格的Bash，这将做你想要的和更多:
php -r '$x = trim(" hi there "); echo $x;'
如果你也想让它小写，可以这样做:
php -r '$x = trim(" Hi There "); $x = strtolower($x) ; echo $x;'
