我有一个shell脚本与这段代码:
var=`hg st -R "$path"`
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
echo $var
fi
但是条件代码总是执行，因为hg st总是打印至少一个换行符。
是否有一个简单的方法从$var中剥离空白(如PHP中的trim())?
or
有没有处理这个问题的标准方法?
我可以使用sed或AWK，但我认为有一个更优雅的解决方案来解决这个问题。
当前回答
创建一个数组而不是变量，这将修剪所有的空格，制表符和换行符:
arr=( $(hg st -R "$path") )
if [[ -n "${arr[@]}" ]]; then
printf -- '%s\n' "${arr[@]}"
fi
其他回答
我总是用sed来做
var=`hg st -R "$path" | sed -e 's/ *$//'`
如果有更优雅的解决方案，我希望有人能发布出来。
Python有一个函数strip()，它的工作原理与PHP的trim()相同，因此我们可以使用一点内联Python来创建一个易于理解的实用程序:
alias trim='python -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().strip())"'
这将删除开头和结尾的空白(包括换行符)。
$ x=`echo -e "\n\t \n" | trim`
$ if [ -z "$x" ]; then echo hi; fi
hi
赋值函数忽略前导和后面的空格，因此可以用于修剪:
$ var=`echo ' hello'`; echo $var
hello
答案有很多，但我仍然认为我刚刚写的剧本值得一提，因为:
it was successfully tested in the shells bash/dash/busybox shell it is extremely small it doesn't depend on external commands and doesn't need to fork (->fast and low resource usage) it works as expected: it strips all spaces and tabs from beginning and end, but not more important: it doesn't remove anything from the middle of the string (many other answers do), even newlines will remain special: the "$*" joins multiple arguments using one space. if you want to trim & output only the first argument, use "$1" instead if doesn't have any problems with matching file name patterns etc
脚本:
trim() {
local s2 s="$*"
until s2="${s#[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
until s2="${s%[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
echo "$s"
}
用法:
mystring=" here is
something "
mystring=$(trim "$mystring")
echo ">$mystring<"
输出:
>here is
something<
var = ' a b '
# remove all white spaces
new=$(echo $var | tr -d ' ')
# remove leading and trailing whitespaces
new=$(echo $var)
ab
a b
