我有一个基于jquery的单页web应用程序。它通过AJAX调用与基于rest的web服务通信。

我正在努力实现以下目标:

向REST url提交包含JSON数据的POST。 如果请求指定了JSON响应,则返回JSON。 如果请求指定PDF/XLS/etc响应,则返回可下载的二进制文件。

我有1和2工作现在,和客户端jquery应用程序通过创建基于JSON数据的DOM元素在网页中显示返回的数据。我还让#3从web服务的角度工作,这意味着如果给定正确的JSON参数,它将创建并返回二进制文件。但我不确定在客户端javascript代码中处理#3的最佳方法。

是否有可能从这样的ajax调用中获得一个可下载的文件?如何让浏览器下载并保存文件?

$.ajax({
    type: "POST",
    url: "/services/test",
    contentType: "application/json",
    data: JSON.stringify({category: 42, sort: 3, type: "pdf"}),
    dataType: "json",
    success: function(json, status){
        if (status != "success") {
            log("Error loading data");
            return;
        }
        log("Data loaded!");
    },
    error: function(result, status, err) {
        log("Error loading data");
        return;
    }
});

服务器响应以下报头:

Content-Disposition:attachment; filename=export-1282022272283.pdf
Content-Length:5120
Content-Type:application/pdf
Server:Jetty(6.1.11)

另一种想法是生成PDF并将其存储在服务器上,然后返回包含文件URL的JSON。然后,在ajax成功处理程序中发出另一个调用,执行如下操作:

success: function(json,status) {
    window.location.href = json.url;
}

但这样做意味着我需要对服务器进行多次调用,我的服务器需要构建可下载的文件,将它们存储在某个地方,然后定期清理存储区域。

一定有更简单的方法。想法吗?


编辑:在检查文档$。ajax,我看到响应dataType只能是xml, html,脚本,json, jsonp,文本之一,所以我猜没有办法直接下载一个文件使用ajax请求,除非我嵌入二进制文件使用数据URI方案建议在@VinayC答案(这不是我想做的事情)。

所以我想我的选择是:

Not use ajax and instead submit a form post and embed my JSON data into the form values. Would probably need to mess with hidden iframes and such. Not use ajax and instead convert my JSON data into a query string to build a standard GET request and set window.location.href to this URL. May need to use event.preventDefault() in my click handler to keep browser from changing from the application URL. Use my other idea above, but enhanced with suggestions from the @naikus answer. Submit AJAX request with some parameter that lets web-service know this is being called via an ajax call. If the web service is called from an ajax call, simply return JSON with a URL to the generated resource. If the resource is called directly, then return the actual binary file.

我越想越喜欢最后一个选项。通过这种方式,我可以获得关于请求的信息(生成时间、文件大小、错误消息等),并且可以在开始下载之前对这些信息采取行动。缺点是服务器上需要额外的文件管理。

还有其他方法吗?我应该知道这些方法的优缺点吗?


当前回答

这个问题被问到已经有一段时间了,但我也有同样的挑战,想要分享我的解决方案。它使用了其他答案中的元素,但我无法找到它的全部。它不使用表单或iframe,但它需要post/get请求对。它不是在请求之间保存文件,而是保存post数据。这似乎既简单又有效。

客户端

var apples = new Array(); 
// construct data - replace with your own
$.ajax({
   type: "POST",
   url: '/Home/Download',
   data: JSON.stringify(apples),
   contentType: "application/json",
   dataType: "text",

   success: function (data) {
      var url = '/Home/Download?id=' + data;
      window.location = url;
   });
});

服务器

[HttpPost]
// called first
public ActionResult Download(Apple[] apples)
{
   string json = new JavaScriptSerializer().Serialize(apples);
   string id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
   string path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/temp/{0}.json", id));
   System.IO.File.WriteAllText(path, json);

   return Content(id);
}

// called next
public ActionResult Download(string id)
{
   string path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/temp/{0}.json", id));
   string json = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(path);
   System.IO.File.Delete(path);
   Apple[] apples = new JavaScriptSerializer().Deserialize<Apple[]>(json);

   // work with apples to build your file in memory
   byte[] file = createPdf(apples); 

   Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=juicy.pdf");
   return File(file, "application/pdf");
}

其他回答

Another approach instead of saving the file on the server and retrieving it, is to use .NET 4.0+ ObjectCache with a short expiration until the second Action (at which time it can be definitively dumped). The reason that I want to use JQuery Ajax to do the call, is that it is asynchronous. Building my dynamic PDF file takes quite a bit of time, and I display a busy spinner dialog during that time (it also allows other work to be done). The approach of using the data returned in the "success:" to create a Blob does not work reliably. It depends on the content of the PDF file. It is easily corrupted by data in the response, if it is not completely textual which is all that Ajax can handle.

$scope.downloadSearchAsCSV = function(httpOptions) {
  var httpOptions = _.extend({
    method: 'POST',
    url:    '',
    data:   null
  }, httpOptions);
  $http(httpOptions).then(function(response) {
    if( response.status >= 400 ) {
      alert(response.status + " - Server Error \nUnable to download CSV from POST\n" + JSON.stringify(httpOptions.data));
    } else {
      $scope.downloadResponseAsCSVFile(response)
    }
  })
};
/**
 * @source: https://github.com/asafdav/ng-csv/blob/master/src/ng-csv/directives/ng-csv.js
 * @param response
 */
$scope.downloadResponseAsCSVFile = function(response) {
  var charset = "utf-8";
  var filename = "search_results.csv";
  var blob = new Blob([response.data], {
    type: "text/csv;charset="+ charset + ";"
  });

  if (window.navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob) {
    navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, filename); // @untested
  } else {
    var downloadContainer = angular.element('<div data-tap-disabled="true"><a></a></div>');
    var downloadLink      = angular.element(downloadContainer.children()[0]);
    downloadLink.attr('href', window.URL.createObjectURL(blob));
    downloadLink.attr('download', "search_results.csv");
    downloadLink.attr('target', '_blank');

    $document.find('body').append(downloadContainer);

    $timeout(function() {
      downloadLink[0].click();
      downloadLink.remove();
    }, null);
  }

  //// Gets blocked by Chrome popup-blocker
  //var csv_window = window.open("","","");
  //csv_window.document.write('<meta name="content-type" content="text/csv">');
  //csv_window.document.write('<meta name="content-disposition" content="attachment;  filename=data.csv">  ');
  //csv_window.document.write(response.data);
};

我认为最好的方法是结合使用。您的第二种方法似乎是一个优雅的解决方案,其中涉及到浏览器。

这取决于调用的方式。(无论是浏览器还是web服务调用)您可以使用两者的组合,将URL发送到浏览器并将原始数据发送到任何其他web服务客户端。

这并不完全是对原始帖子的回答,而是一种快速而简单的解决方案,用于将json对象发布到服务器并动态生成下载。

客户端jQuery:

var download = function(resource, payload) {
     $("#downloadFormPoster").remove();
     $("<div id='downloadFormPoster' style='display: none;'><iframe name='downloadFormPosterIframe'></iframe></div>").appendTo('body');
     $("<form action='" + resource + "' target='downloadFormPosterIframe' method='post'>" +
      "<input type='hidden' name='jsonstring' value='" + JSON.stringify(payload) + "'/>" +
      "</form>")
      .appendTo("#downloadFormPoster")
      .submit();
}

..然后在服务器端解码json字符串并设置下载头(PHP示例):

$request = json_decode($_POST['jsonstring']), true);
header('Content-Type: application/csv');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=export.csv');
header('Pragma: no-cache');

解决方案

内容-性格依恋似乎对我很管用:

self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
self.set_header("Content-Disposition", 'attachment; filename=learned_data.json')

解决方案

应用程序/八进制

我有类似的事情发生在我的JSON,对我来说,在服务器端,我设置头 自我。set_header(“内容类型”、“application / json”) 但是当我把它改成:

self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")

它会自动下载。

还要知道,为了让文件仍然保持.json后缀,你需要在文件名头文件:

self.set_header("Content-Disposition", 'filename=learned_data.json')