如果您想获取存储在变量中的URL的部分，我建议您使用URL- parse

const Url = require('url-parse');
const url = new Url('https://github.com/foo/bar');

根据文档内容，抽取了以下几个部分:

The returned url instance contains the following properties: protocol: The protocol scheme of the URL (e.g. http:). slashes: A boolean which indicates whether the protocol is followed by two forward slashes (//). auth: Authentication information portion (e.g. username:password). username: Username of basic authentication. password: Password of basic authentication. host: Host name with port number. hostname: Host name without port number. port: Optional port number. pathname: URL path. query: Parsed object containing query string, unless parsing is set to false. hash: The "fragment" portion of the URL including the pound-sign (#). href: The full URL. origin: The origin of the URL.

有一个内置窗口的属性。Location对象，该对象将为当前窗口提供该对象。

// If URL is http://www.somedomain.com/account/search?filter=a#top

window.location.pathname // /account/search

// For reference:

window.location.host     // www.somedomain.com (includes port if there is one)
window.location.hostname // www.somedomain.com
window.location.hash     // #top
window.location.href     // http://www.somedomain.com/account/search?filter=a#top
window.location.port     // (empty string)
window.location.protocol // http:
window.location.search   // ?filter=a  

更新，对任何URL使用相同的属性:

这个模式被标准化为一个叫做URLUtils的接口，你猜怎么着?既有窗口。位置对象和锚元素实现了接口。

所以你可以对任何URL使用上面相同的属性-只需用URL创建一个锚并访问属性:

var el = document.createElement('a');
el.href = "http://www.somedomain.com/account/search?filter=a#top";

el.host        // www.somedomain.com (includes port if there is one[1])
el.hostname    // www.somedomain.com
el.hash        // #top
el.href        // http://www.somedomain.com/account/search?filter=a#top
el.pathname    // /account/search
el.port        // (port if there is one[1])
el.protocol    // http:
el.search      // ?filter=a

[1]:浏览器对包含port的属性的支持不一致，请参见http://jessepollak.me/chrome-was-wrong-ie-was-right

这在最新版本的Chrome和Firefox中都有效。我没有可供测试的Internet Explorer版本，所以请使用JSFiddle示例进行测试。

JSFiddle例子

还有一个即将到来的URL对象，它将为URL本身提供这种支持，而不需要锚元素。看起来目前还没有稳定的浏览器支持它，但据说它将在Firefox 26中推出。当你认为你可能支持它时，试试这里。

window.location.href.split('/');

将为您提供一个包含所有URL部分的数组，您可以像正常数组一样访问它。

或者@Dylan提出了一个更优雅的解决方案，只有路径部分:

window.location.pathname.split('/');

如果这是当前url，使用window.location.pathname，否则使用正则表达式:

var reg = /.+?:\/\/.+?(\/.+?)(?:#|\?|$)/;
var pathname = reg.exec( 'http://www.somedomain.com/account/search?filter=a#top' )[1];

如果您想获取存储在变量中的URL的部分，我建议您使用URL- parse

const Url = require('url-parse');
const url = new Url('https://github.com/foo/bar');

根据文档内容，抽取了以下几个部分:

The returned url instance contains the following properties: protocol: The protocol scheme of the URL (e.g. http:). slashes: A boolean which indicates whether the protocol is followed by two forward slashes (//). auth: Authentication information portion (e.g. username:password). username: Username of basic authentication. password: Password of basic authentication. host: Host name with port number. hostname: Host name without port number. port: Optional port number. pathname: URL path. query: Parsed object containing query string, unless parsing is set to false. hash: The "fragment" portion of the URL including the pound-sign (#). href: The full URL. origin: The origin of the URL.

如果你有一个抽象的URL字符串(不是来自当前的window.location)，你可以使用这个技巧:

let yourUrlString = "http://example.com:3000/pathname/?search=test#hash";

let parser = document.createElement('a');
parser.href = yourUrlString;

parser.protocol; // => "http:"
parser.hostname; // => "example.com"
parser.port;     // => "3000"
parser.pathname; // => "/pathname/"
parser.search;   // => "?search=test"
parser.hash;     // => "#hash"
parser.host;     // => "example.com:3000"

感谢jlong