是的，通过使用源过滤器你可以做到这一点，这里是文档源过滤器

示例请求

POST index_name/_search
 {
   "_source":["field1","filed2".....] 
 }

输出将是

{
  "took": 57,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "index_name",
        "_type": "index1",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "field1": "a",
          "field2": "b"
        },
        {
          "field1": "c",
          "field2": "d"
        },....
      }
    ]
  }
}

是的，使用一个更好的选择源过滤器。如果你使用JSON进行搜索，它会是这样的:

{
    "_source": ["user", "message", ...],
    "query": ...,
    "size": ...
}

在ES 2.4和更早的版本中，你也可以在搜索API中使用fields选项:

{
    "fields": ["user", "message", ...],
    "query": ...,
    "size": ...
}

这在ES 5+中已弃用。而且源过滤器更强大!

我发现get api的文档很有帮助——尤其是Source filtering和Fields: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.3/docs-get.html#get-source-filtering这两个部分

他们阐述了源过滤:

如果您只需要完整_source中的一个或两个字段，则可以 使用_source_include & _source_exclude参数来包含或 过滤掉你需要的部分。这一点特别有用 部分检索可以节省网络开销的大型文档

这非常适合我的用例。我最终只是像这样简单地过滤源代码(使用简写):

{
    "_source": ["field_x", ..., "field_y"],
    "query": {      
        ...
    }
}

供参考，他们在文档中声明了fields参数:

get操作允许指定一组存储字段 通过传递fields参数返回。

它似乎是为了满足特定存储的字段，它将每个字段放在一个数组中。如果指定的字段还没有被存储，它将从_source中获取每个字段，这可能会导致“更慢”的检索。我也有麻烦试图让它返回类型对象的字段。

因此，总的来说，您有两个选择，要么通过源过滤，要么通过[存储]字段。

REST API GET请求可以使用'_source'参数进行。

示例请求

http://localhost:9200/opt_pr/_search?q=SYMBOL:ITC AND OPTION_TYPE=CE AND TRADE_DATE=2017-02-10 AND EXPIRY_DATE=2017-02-23&_source=STRIKE_PRICE

响应

{
"took": 59,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
},
"hits": {
    "total": 104,
    "max_score": 7.3908954,
    "hits": [
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLc",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 160
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLh",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 185
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLi",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 190
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLm",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 210
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLp",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 225
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLr",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 235
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLw",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 260
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uL5",
            "_score": 7.3908954,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 305
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLd",
            "_score": 7.381078,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 165
            }
        },
        {
            "_index": "opt_pr",
            "_type": "opt_pr_r",
            "_id": "AV3K4QTgNHl15Mv30uLy",
            "_score": 7.381078,
            "_source": {
                "STRIKE_PRICE": 270
            }
        }
    ]
}

}

对于ES版本5。X及以上，你可以这样查询ES:

    GET /.../...
    {
      "_source": {
        "includes": [ "FIELD1", "FIELD2", "FIELD3" ... " ]
      },
      .
      .
      .
      .
    }

这是另一个解决方案，现在使用匹配表达式

源过滤允许控制每次命中_source字段返回的方式。

使用Elastiscsearch 5.5版进行测试

关键字includes定义了具体字段。

GET /my_indice/my_indice_type/_search
{
  "_source": {
    "includes": [
      "my_especific_field"
    ]
  },
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "_id": "%my_id_here_without_percent%"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}