我如何能使出站HTTP POST请求，与数据，在node.js?
当前回答
使用Node.js HTTP库进行任意HTTP请求。
不要使用不提供任何新功能的第三方包。
使用Node.js内置。
https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#httprequesturl-options-callback
示例来自文档中的http。request向你展示了如何创建一个“hello world”POST请求。
下面是一个例子。在评论中提出问题，例如，如果你正在学习Node.js，想要更多的资源。
const http = require('node:http');
const postData = JSON.stringify({
'msg': 'Hello World!',
});
const options = {
hostname: 'www.google.com',
port: 80,
path: '/upload',
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(postData),
},
};
const req = http.request(options, (res) => {
console.log(`STATUS: ${res.statusCode}`);
console.log(`HEADERS: ${JSON.stringify(res.headers)}`);
res.setEncoding('utf8');
res.on('data', (chunk) => {
console.log(`BODY: ${chunk}`);
});
res.on('end', () => {
console.log('No more data in response.');
});
});
req.on('error', (e) => {
console.error(`problem with request: ${e.message}`);
});
// Write data to request body
req.write(postData);
req.end();
~
~
~
其他回答
请求现在已弃用。建议您使用替代方案
无特定顺序且极不完整的:
const https = require('https'); node-fetch axios 得到了 搞 弯曲 make-fetch-happen unfetch tiny-json-http 针 urllib
统计比较 一些代码示例
最初的回答:
如果使用请求库，这将变得容易得多。
var request = require('request');
request.post(
'http://www.yoursite.com/formpage',
{ json: { key: 'value' } },
function (error, response, body) {
if (!error && response.statusCode == 200) {
console.log(body);
}
}
);
除了提供一个不错的语法，它使json请求更容易，处理oauth签名(twitter等)，可以做多部分的表单(例如上传文件)和流。
安装请求使用npm install request命令
这是我的POST和GET的解决方案。
关于Post方法:
如果主体是JSON对象，那么使用JSON反序列化就很重要。stringify并相应地设置content - length头:
var bodyString=JSON.stringify(body)
var _headers = {
'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(bodyString)
};
在写入请求之前:
request.write( bodyString );
关于Get和Post方法:
超时可以发生在套接字断开连接时，所以你必须像这样注册它的处理程序:
request.on('socket', function (socket) {
socket.setTimeout( self.timeout );
socket.on('timeout', function() {
request.abort();
if(timeout) return timeout( new Error('request timed out') );
});
});
而请求处理程序是
request.on('timeout', function () {
// Timeout happend. Server received request, but not handled it
// (i.e. doesn't send any response or it took to long).
// You don't know what happend.
// It will emit 'error' message as well (with ECONNRESET code).
req.abort();
if(timeout) return timeout( new Error('request timed out') );
});
我强烈建议把两个处理人都登记。
响应体是块的，所以你必须在数据处理程序中连接块:
var body = '';
response.on('data', function(d) {
body += d;
});
在body的最后，它将包含整个响应体:
response.on('end', function() {
try {
var jsonResponse=JSON.parse(body);
if(success) return success( jsonResponse );
} catch(ex) { // bad json
if(error) return error(ex.toString());
}
});
使用try…catchtheJSON进行包装是安全的。解析，因为你不能确定它实际上是一个格式良好的json，也没有办法在你做请求的时候确定它。
模块:SimpleAPI
/**
* Simple POST and GET
* @author Loreto Parisi (loretoparisi at gmail dot com)
*/
(function() {
var SimpleAPI;
SimpleAPI = (function() {
var qs = require('querystring');
/**
* API Object model
* @author Loreto Parisi (loretoparisi at gmail dot com)
*/
function SimpleAPI(host,port,timeout,ssl,debug,json) {
this.host=host;
this.port=port;
this.timeout=timeout;
/** true to use ssl - defaults to true */
this.ssl=ssl || true;
/** true to console log */
this.debug=debug;
/** true to parse response as json - defaults to true */
this.json= (typeof(json)!='undefined')?json:true;
this.requestUrl='';
if(ssl) { // use ssl
this.http = require('https');
} else { // go unsafe, debug only please
this.http = require('http');
}
}
/**
* HTTP GET
* @author Loreto Parisi (loretoparisi at gmail dot com)
*/
SimpleAPI.prototype.Get = function(path, headers, params, success, error, timeout) {
var self=this;
if(params) {
var queryString=qs.stringify(params);
if( queryString ) {
path+="?"+queryString;
}
}
var options = {
headers : headers,
hostname: this.host,
path: path,
method: 'GET'
};
if(this.port && this.port!='80') { // port only if ! 80
options['port']=this.port;
}
if(self.debug) {
console.log( "SimpleAPI.Get", headers, params, options );
}
var request=this.http.get(options, function(response) {
if(self.debug) { // debug
console.log( JSON.stringify(response.headers) );
}
// Continuously update stream with data
var body = '';
response.on('data', function(d) {
body += d;
});
response.on('end', function() {
try {
if(self.json) {
var jsonResponse=JSON.parse(body);
if(success) return success( jsonResponse );
}
else {
if(success) return success( body );
}
} catch(ex) { // bad json
if(error) return error( ex.toString() );
}
});
});
request.on('socket', function (socket) {
socket.setTimeout( self.timeout );
socket.on('timeout', function() {
request.abort();
if(timeout) return timeout( new Error('request timed out') );
});
});
request.on('error', function (e) {
// General error, i.e.
// - ECONNRESET - server closed the socket unexpectedly
// - ECONNREFUSED - server did not listen
// - HPE_INVALID_VERSION
// - HPE_INVALID_STATUS
// - ... (other HPE_* codes) - server returned garbage
console.log(e);
if(error) return error(e);
});
request.on('timeout', function () {
// Timeout happend. Server received request, but not handled it
// (i.e. doesn't send any response or it took to long).
// You don't know what happend.
// It will emit 'error' message as well (with ECONNRESET code).
req.abort();
if(timeout) return timeout( new Error('request timed out') );
});
self.requestUrl = (this.ssl?'https':'http') + '://' + request._headers['host'] + request.path;
if(self.debug) {
console.log("SimpleAPI.Post",self.requestUrl);
}
request.end();
} //RequestGet
/**
* HTTP POST
* @author Loreto Parisi (loretoparisi at gmail dot com)
*/
SimpleAPI.prototype.Post = function(path, headers, params, body, success, error, timeout) {
var self=this;
if(params) {
var queryString=qs.stringify(params);
if( queryString ) {
path+="?"+queryString;
}
}
var bodyString=JSON.stringify(body)
var _headers = {
'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(bodyString)
};
for (var attrname in headers) { _headers[attrname] = headers[attrname]; }
var options = {
headers : _headers,
hostname: this.host,
path: path,
method: 'POST',
qs : qs.stringify(params)
};
if(this.port && this.port!='80') { // port only if ! 80
options['port']=this.port;
}
if(self.debug) {
console.log( "SimpleAPI.Post\n%s\n%s", JSON.stringify(_headers,null,2), JSON.stringify(options,null,2) );
}
if(self.debug) {
console.log("SimpleAPI.Post body\n%s", JSON.stringify(body,null,2) );
}
var request=this.http.request(options, function(response) {
if(self.debug) { // debug
console.log( JSON.stringify(response.headers) );
}
// Continuously update stream with data
var body = '';
response.on('data', function(d) {
body += d;
});
response.on('end', function() {
try {
console.log("END", body);
var jsonResponse=JSON.parse(body);
if(success) return success( jsonResponse );
} catch(ex) { // bad json
if(error) return error(ex.toString());
}
});
});
request.on('socket', function (socket) {
socket.setTimeout( self.timeout );
socket.on('timeout', function() {
request.abort();
if(timeout) return timeout( new Error('request timed out') );
});
});
request.on('error', function (e) {
// General error, i.e.
// - ECONNRESET - server closed the socket unexpectedly
// - ECONNREFUSED - server did not listen
// - HPE_INVALID_VERSION
// - HPE_INVALID_STATUS
// - ... (other HPE_* codes) - server returned garbage
console.log(e);
if(error) return error(e);
});
request.on('timeout', function () {
// Timeout happend. Server received request, but not handled it
// (i.e. doesn't send any response or it took to long).
// You don't know what happend.
// It will emit 'error' message as well (with ECONNRESET code).
req.abort();
if(timeout) return timeout( new Error('request timed out') );
});
self.requestUrl = (this.ssl?'https':'http') + '://' + request._headers['host'] + request.path;
if(self.debug) {
console.log("SimpleAPI.Post",self.requestUrl);
}
request.write( bodyString );
request.end();
} //RequestPost
return SimpleAPI;
})();
module.exports = SimpleAPI
}).call(this);
用法:
// Parameters
// domain: example.com
// ssl:true, port:80
// timeout: 30 secs
// debug: true
// json response:true
var api = new SimpleAPI('posttestserver.com', 80, 1000 * 10, true, true, true);
var headers = {
'Content-Type' : 'application/json',
'Accept' : 'application/json'
};
var params = {
"dir" : "post-test"
};
var method = 'post.php';
api.Post(method, headers, params, body
, function(response) { // success
console.log( response );
}
, function(error) { // error
console.log( error.toString() );
}
, function(error) { // timeout
console.log( new Error('timeout error') );
});
使用Node.js HTTP库进行任意HTTP请求。
不要使用不提供任何新功能的第三方包。
使用Node.js内置。
https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#httprequesturl-options-callback
示例来自文档中的http。request向你展示了如何创建一个“hello world”POST请求。
下面是一个例子。在评论中提出问题，例如，如果你正在学习Node.js，想要更多的资源。
const http = require('node:http');
const postData = JSON.stringify({
'msg': 'Hello World!',
});
const options = {
hostname: 'www.google.com',
port: 80,
path: '/upload',
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(postData),
},
};
const req = http.request(options, (res) => {
console.log(`STATUS: ${res.statusCode}`);
console.log(`HEADERS: ${JSON.stringify(res.headers)}`);
res.setEncoding('utf8');
res.on('data', (chunk) => {
console.log(`BODY: ${chunk}`);
});
res.on('end', () => {
console.log('No more data in response.');
});
});
req.on('error', (e) => {
console.error(`problem with request: ${e.message}`);
});
// Write data to request body
req.write(postData);
req.end();
~
~
~
您可以使用请求库。https://www.npmjs.com/package/request
var request = require('request');
要发布JSON数据:
var myJSONObject = { ... };
request({
url: "http://josiahchoi.com/myjson",
method: "POST",
json: true, // <--Very important!!!
body: myJSONObject
}, function (error, response, body){
console.log(response);
});
要发布xml数据:
var myXMLText = '<xml>...........</xml>'
request({
url: "http://josiahchoi.com/myjson",
method: "POST",
headers: {
"content-type": "application/xml", // <--Very important!!!
},
body: myXMLText
}, function (error, response, body){
console.log(response);
});
编辑:截至2020年2月，请求已弃用。
简单且无依赖。使用承诺，让你可以等待结果。它返回响应体，不检查响应状态代码。
const https = require('https');
function httpsPost({body, ...options}) {
return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
const req = https.request({
method: 'POST',
...options,
}, res => {
const chunks = [];
res.on('data', data => chunks.push(data))
res.on('end', () => {
let resBody = Buffer.concat(chunks);
switch(res.headers['content-type']) {
case 'application/json':
resBody = JSON.parse(resBody);
break;
}
resolve(resBody)
})
})
req.on('error',reject);
if(body) {
req.write(body);
}
req.end();
})
}
用法:
async function main() {
const res = await httpsPost({
hostname: 'sentry.io',
path: `/api/0/organizations/org/releases/${changesetId}/deploys/`,
headers: {
'Authorization': `Bearer ${process.env.SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN}`,
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
},
body: JSON.stringify({
environment: isLive ? 'production' : 'demo',
})
})
}
main().catch(err => {
console.log(err)
})
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