这个答案与投票最多的答案相似，但有一个重要的区别:之前关于这个问题的很多答案都集中在运行Git Bash上，而我的答案则集中在运行WSL Bash上。

在Windows 10机器上启用Windows子系统for Linux。 打开Visual Studio Code，按住Ctrl + '打开终端。 使用Ctrl + Shift + P打开命令面板。 类型—选择“Default Shell”。 从选项中选择WSL Bash(不是Git Bash)。

单击终端窗口中的+图标。新终端现在将是一个WSL Bash终端!

将Git\bin目录添加到Path环境变量中。默认目录为%ProgramFiles%\Git\bin。通过这种方式，你可以在每个终端(包括Visual Studio Code的集成终端)中输入Bash即可访问Git Bash。

Windows下如何设置路径和环境变量

最新的VS代码:

如果你看不到设置。进入菜单文件->首选项->设置(或按Ctrl+，) 设置出现，见两个选项卡用户(默认选择)和工作空间。进入“用户->功能->终端” 终端部分出现，请参见settings.json中的链接编辑。点击并添加"terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\Program Files\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe" 保存并重新启动VS代码。

Bash终端将反映在终端上。

分离的或不相关的shell和代码[参数]支持呢?

虽然其他答案讨论了如何配置和使用VScode集成的WSL bash终端支持，但他们并没有解决“分离外壳”的问题:外壳不是从VScode内部启动的，或者以某种方式从与IDE相关的VScode服务器实例中“断开连接”。

这样的shell会给出如下错误:

命令只能在WSL或Visual Studio Code终端中使用。

还是……

无法连接到VS Code服务器。 请求出错

下面是一个脚本，它可以很容易地解决这个问题。

我每天都使用这个工具将tmux会话中的shell与特定的VScode服务器实例连接起来，或者修复从其宿主IDE分离的集成shell。

#!/bin/bash
# codesrv-connect
#
#  Purpose:
#     Copies the vscode connection environment from one shell to another, so that you can use the
#     vscode integrated terminal's "code [args]" command to communicate with that instance of vscode
#     from an unrelated shell.
#
#  Usage:
#    1.  Open an integrated terminal in vscode, and run codesrv-connect
#    2.  In the target shell, cd to the same directory and run
#       ". .codesrv-connect", or follow the instruction printed by codesrv-connect.
#
#  Setup:
#    Put "codesrv-connect somewhere on your PATH (e.g. ~/bin)"
#
#  Cleanup:
#    - Delete abandoned .codesrv-connect files when their vscode sessions die.
#    - Do not add .codesrv-connect files to git repositories.
#
#  Notes:
#     The VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI environment variable points to a socket which is rather volatile, while the long path for the 'code' alias is more stable: vscode doesn't change the latter even across a "code -r ." reload.  But the former is easily detached and so you need a fresh value if that happens.  This is what codesrv-connect does: it captures the value of these two and writes them to .codesrv-connect in the current dir.
#
#   Verinfo: v1.0.0 - les.matheson@gmail.com - 2020-03-31
#

function errExit {
    echo "ERROR: $@" >&2
    exit 1
}

[[ -S $VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI ]] || errExit "VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI not defined or not a pipe [$VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI]"
if [[ $(which code) != *vscode-server* ]]; then
    errExit "The 'code' command doesn't refer to something under .vscode-server: $(type -a code)"
fi
cat <<EOF >.codesrv-connect
# Temp file created by $(which codesrv-connect): source this into your working shell like '. .codesrv-connect'
# ( git hint: add ".codesrv-connect" to .gitignore )
#
cd "$PWD"
if ! test -S "$VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI"; then
    echo "ERROR: $VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI not a socket. Dead session."
else
    export VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI="$VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI"
    alias code=$(which code)
    echo "Done: the 'code' command will talk to socket \"$VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI\" now."
    echo "You can delete .codesrv-connect when the vscode server context dies, or reuse it in other shells until then."
fi
EOF

echo "# OK: run this to connect to vscode server in a destination shell:"
echo ". $PWD/.codesrv-connect"

对于scoop用户:

"terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\Users\\[YOUR-NAME]\\scoop\\apps\\git\\current\\usr\\bin\\bash.exe",
"terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": [
  "-l",
  "-i"
],

由于Visual Studio Code的最新更新，事情发生了一些变化。下面的步骤对我有用。

按Ctrl + Shift + P打开Visual Studio Code命令菜单。 在文本区输入>preferences: Open Settings (JSON)。 在JSON文件的末尾添加以下行 右边窗格。 "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\Program Files\\Git\\bin\\bash.exe" 关闭并重新打开Visual Studio Code实例。